The Differences Slavery Made: A Close Analysis of Two American Communities

Election Returns in Augusta, Franklin, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, 1860

In the 1860 presidential election, Lincoln won decisively in Pennsylvania while Bell edged out Breckinridge for Virginia. Breckinridge barely registered among Augusta voters, but showed significant strength in Franklin.

View Data

Candidate Augusta County Virginia Franklin County Pennsylvania
Abraham Lincoln (Republican) 1,887 4,151 268,030
John Bell (Constitutional Union) 2,553 74,481 76 12,776
Stephen Douglas (Democrat) 1,094 16,198 822 16,765
John C. Breckinridge (S. Democrat) 218 74,325 2,515 178,871



Edward L. Ayers and William G. Thomas, III
Election Returns in Augusta, Franklin, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, 1860
2001

Points of Analysis to this Data:

"Precincts in Augusta that supported Breckinridge at a high level in 1860 represented the extremes of wealth, as the wealthiest and the poorest precincts drew more support for Breckinridge than any other precincts."

"In Augusta clusters of contiguous precincts gave their support in the 1860 presidential election in similar patterns."

"Whigs accounted for the most visible party activists in Augusta County, but activists in both parties exerted significant influence."

"The precincts with high Bell support had average household wealth and farm value well below county averages. For these marginal places a vote for Bell represented a safe course, the least change."

"Lincoln won sixteen precincts in Franklin, ten of them by margins greater than 55 percent, with support mainly from the urban center of the county and places with the highest numbers of black residents--even though black men could not vote in Pennsylvania."


Citation: Key = E173
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