Capital Investment by Industry, 1860
This table shows Augusta's high capital investment in unskilled labor industries, such as saw mills and woolen mills, and
low levels of investment in industries with highly skilled labor.
Industry |
|
No. Establishments |
No. Residents per Est. |
Total Capital Inv. ($) |
Capital Inv. Per Capita ($) |
Average Cap. Per Est. ($) |
Blacksmith |
Augusta |
17 |
1,632 |
7,750 |
0.27 |
455 |
|
Franklin |
27 |
1,560 |
10,100 |
0.23 |
374 |
Carriages |
Augusta |
5 |
5,550 |
12,100 |
0.43 |
2,420 |
|
Franklin |
15 |
2,808 |
28,500 |
0.67 |
1,900 |
Cooperages |
Augusta |
5 |
5,550 |
750 |
0.02 |
150 |
|
Franklin |
8 |
5,265 |
3,300 |
0.07 |
412 |
Flour Mills |
Augusta |
62 |
448 |
287,000 |
10.34 |
4,629 |
|
Franklin |
60 |
702 |
440,100 |
10.40 |
7,335 |
Iron Bar |
Augusta |
1 |
27,749 |
7,000 |
0.25 |
7,000 |
|
Franklin |
3 |
14,042 |
34,000 |
0.80 |
4,680 |
Iron Pig |
Augusta |
1 |
27,749 |
17,000 |
0.61 |
17,000 |
|
Franklin |
2 |
21,063 |
54,000 |
1.28 |
10,531 |
Lumber Sawmill |
Augusta |
22 |
1,261 |
39,562 |
1.40 |
1,798 |
|
Franklin |
26 |
1,620 |
19,250 |
0.45 |
740 |
Leather Goods |
Augusta |
12 |
2,312 |
39,300 |
1.41 |
3,275 |
|
Franklin |
25 |
1,688 |
191,983 |
4.55 |
7,679 |
Distillery |
Augusta |
18 |
1,542 |
87,458 |
3.15 |
4,858 |
|
Franklin |
7 |
6,018 |
31,092 |
0.73 |
4,441 |
Tin |
Augusta |
2 |
13,874 |
2,225 |
0.08 |
1,112 |
|
Franklin |
10 |
4,213 |
18,800 |
0.44 |
1,880 |
Wagon Making |
Augusta |
3 |
9,249 |
1,000 |
0.03 |
333 |
|
Franklin |
5 |
8,425 |
2,350 |
0.05 |
470 |
Woollen Goods |
Augusta |
2 |
13,874 |
45,000 |
1.60 |
22,500 |
|
Franklin |
4 |
10,531 |
18,500 |
0.43 |
4,625 |
Total |
Augusta |
197 |
141 |
639,000 |
23 |
3,243 |
|
Franklin |
317 |
132 |
1,146,320 |
27 |
3,616 |
U.S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. Population of the United States in 1860, Compiled from the Original Returns of the
Eighth Census. Washington, D.C., 1864. U.S. Census of Population, 1860. Augusta County, Virginia and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.
In
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Eighth Census of the United States, 1860. Washington: National Archives
and Records Administration (Augusta: Reels 1333 and 1387. Franklin: Reels 1111 and 1112).
Note: Augusta per capita figures use the entire population slave and free
Edward L. Ayers and William G. Thomas, III Capital Investment by Industry, 1860 2001
Points of Analysis to this Data:
"Although Franklin's wealth was concentrated in its rural agricultural commodities, the county was a commercial hub with numerous
businesses and shops more densely concentrated than its Southern counterpart."
"Enslaved labor was integral to Augusta's industries--woolen mills, distilleries, flour mills, lumber mills, and iron foundries--while
skilled white artisan shops were small in number and scale and virtually free of enslaved labor."
Citation: Key = E147
|