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Franklin County : Politics

Confederate Politics | Local/County/State Politics | National Politics

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Confederate Politics

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 1, 1861, p. 1, c. 5: "The End of Breckinridge."
Announces the news that John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky has gone over to the enemy.

Valley Spirit, March 4, 1863, p. 2, c. 6: "Troubles in the South."
Discusses insurrectionary movements by Union men in North Carolina and the efforts of Confederate officials to suppress them.

Valley Spirit, June 22, 1864, p. 1, c. 3: "Important Revelations."
Reports that Governor Vance of North Carolina has urged Confederate President Davis to cease fighting and work for peace.

Local/County/State Politics

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Our New Enterprise!"
Outlines the intentions of the new Semi-Weekly Dispatch to keep their readership better informed than weekly papers during a time when important events are happening at a rapid pace. Also argues that Franklin County should be able to sustain two Republican papers with no difficulty.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 3: "The State Defences."
Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania recommends that the legislature immediately remove the legal defects that prohibit the maximum efficiency and effectiveness of the state militia.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 21, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "'Knapsacks for Democrats.'"
Complains about an article in the Valley Spirit that claims 57 out of 800 men in a particular regiment supported the Republican party before the war. The editor writes that such partisanship is only detrimental to the cause of Union.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 12, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "'Malice.'"
Chastizes the Valley Spirit for printing an article criticizing the Lincoln Administration.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 26, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The Breckinridge Journals."
A defense offered by the Dispatch against charges by the Valley Spirit that the Dispatch issued false statements with regard to Mr. Cessna and the Bedford Democrats.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The Enemies of Peace."
Letter from a "Union-loving Democrat" complaining about an article in the Valley Spirit that denounces "the adversaries of the peace of the country." The writer criticizes Democrats who prefer to compromise with the South rather than fighting.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 16, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The Democratic Meeting."
Expresses shock and disapproval that the Democrats of Franklin County held a meeting to elect delegates for a nominating convention without issuing any resolution concerning the war, or even mentioning it.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 20, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Grand Union Meeting."
Reports on a meeting at the Court House for the purpose of forming a party in Franklin County devoted to supporting the national administration in its efforts to suppress the rebellion.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 23, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The Fat's in the Fire."
Article in which the Dispatch reproaches the Repository and Transcript for declaring which candidates in the Union Party it would and would not support for judge and then declaring that if their candidates were not elected, they would feel no compunction to support the Union Party. The Dispatch also offers the candidates it would recommend for judge.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 23, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The "Peace" Party."
Criticizes the Valley Spirit for promoting peace at the expense of the Union.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 23, 1861, p. 2, c. 3: "Resolutions of the Late Union Meeting."
Reprint of the resolutions adopted at the Union Meeting of Franklin County.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 27, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Political Issues."
The Dispatch defends itself against charges made by the Valley Spirit that the Dispatch prefers to dwell on party issues.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 3, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Union Ticket."
List of those nominated on the Union ticket.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 10, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "False Colors."
Argues that aside from such loyal Democrats as J. McD. Sharpe, the Democrats, who held a convention the previous Tuesday, harbor many men professing to be Unionists, but who inevitably reveal their true colors as "traitors" to the flag.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 13, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Profession vs. Practice."
Charges the Valley Spirit with failing to live up to the professions of Union approved by the Democratic convention of Franklin County. Asserts that the most recent issue of the Spirit criticizes the present administration repeatedly, in essence blaming it for the war while endorsing resolutions that put the responsibility for the conflict entirely on the Secessionists.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 13, 1861, p. 2, c. 3: "Audacity."
Complains that the "sympathies" the Valley Spirit exhibits toward the Secessionists should have led to its suppression long ago.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 17, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "A Dilema."
Rebukes the Times for denouncing those Democrats who want peace, but then refusing to support the Union party and backing candidates who advocate compromise with the South.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 20, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The Day-Book Democracy."
Brings the Times (a paper published in Chambersburg) to task for not calling Democrats who once purchased the Day Book, which recently has been suppressed by the government, traitors.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 24, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The "Day Book" Democracy."
Answers the displeasure the Times has apparently expressed about being labeled a "Day Book" Democratic paper by the Dispatch. Points out that there are many Democrats--generally those who harbor sentiments similar to those of Stephen Douglas--who are as loyal to the Union as any Republican, but that the Times supports candidates whose loyalty is questionable at best. Therefore, the Times deserves the label of "Day Book Democrat."

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 24, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The Issue."
Argues that the most important issue in the coming election is whether the candidate is a strong supporter of the Union. Puts forward the Union candidates major John Rowe and W. W. Sellers, Esq., as the best men in the running.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 1, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The Judgeship."
Describes the qualifications of James Nill to be President Judge without calling into question the qualifications of his competitor, Wilson Reilly, Esq., for the job.

Valley Spirit, October 2, 1861, p. 4, c. 1: "Are You Ready?"
Urges Democrats to turn out to vote.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 4, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The Union Ticket."
Urges that at this time of crisis, people of all parties must support the Union ticket.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 8, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The Legislature."
Implores voters to go to the polls and vote for "true Union men" so that Breckinridge Democrats do not take control of the legislature, in which case they would vote for peace and compromise with the rebels.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 15, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Official Vote of Franklin Co."
Tallies the vote from Franklin County in the recent election.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 15, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Comfort to the Enemy."
Argues that the results of the recent election should "give great encouragement to the rebels," since even though all the Union candidates won office, the vote was greatly divided.

Valley Spirit, October 16, 1861, p. 4, c. 1: "The Returns."
Reluctantly reports Democratic losses in the recent election.

Valley Spirit, October 16, 1861, p. 4, c. 3: "The Result in the State."
Reports state election results by county.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 18, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "A Short Cut to Peace."
Mocks the Valley Spirit's solution to the current conflict, which is to eliminate the Republican party. Argues that if the Spirit really wanted to end the conflict and to eliminate all parties, they should have supported the Union party in the recent election.

Valley Spirit, January 1, 1862, p. 4, c. 4: "For the 'Valley Spirit.'"
Urges the Valley Spirit to take advantage of sentiment in Congress in favor of constructing railroads that avoid the South. Notes that the proposed Washington to Hagerstown, Maryland railroad would connect with various Franklin County lines and would provide several new stretches of railroad. Congressman McPherson has proposed a new line from Washington to New York through Gettysburg.

Valley Spirit, January 15, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "To the Public."
George H. Mengel has sold the Valley Spirit to P.S. Dechert, who had been connected with the paper until two years ago, when he sold his interest to Mengel, and to B.Y. Hamsher, former Clerk of the Courts of the County, a Democrat who was elected in a majority Republican county. Mengel thanks his subscribers for their patronage and assures them that no change will be made in editorial content. The Valley Spirit will continue to speak as the voice of Franklin County Democrats.

Valley Spirit, January 15, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "The Abolitionists at Work."
Editorial arguing that, of the two forces seeking to keep the Union apart, abolitionists are far more pernicious than secessionists--the latter are fighting for property, while the former are fighting for a misguided ideal. Abolitionists have become obsessed only with freeing the slaves, regardless of the consequences that freeing African Americans would have on the country. The editorial was prompted by a petition circulating in Franklin County, apparently through the churches, supporting the emancipation of slaves in the Confederacy.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 17, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "A Modest Salutatory!"
Denounces a recent Valley Spirit editorial that deems the party in power abolitionists and that conveys sympathy to the Southerners. The Dispatch accuses the Spirit of presenting the same sentiments as do the Richmond newspapers.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 17, 1862, p. 3, c. 1: "Changed Hands."
Expresses indignation at the position adopted by the new editors of the Valley Spirit, Messrs. P. S. Dechert and B. T. Hamsher, that all Northerners who supported Lincoln are "fiendish."

Valley Spirit, January 22, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "Tender Toes."
Follows up on editorial of previous week, which condemned abolitionists in Franklin County. The article notes that the people they had accused of abolitionist tendencies are now trying to take refuge under the "simon-pure" Republican label. The editorial observes that Lincoln, as the head of the conservative wing of the Republicans, has been backing away from abolition sentiment, much to the disappointment of more radical Republicans.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, February 14, 1862, p. 1, c. 3: "Secession Wagon--Union Side."
Song written for the Semi-Weekly Dispatch.

Valley Spirit, February 19, 1862, p. 4, c. 3: "Hon. Edgar Cowan."
This editorial takes the Transcript to task for its criticism of Senator Edgar Cowan's opposition to the expulsion of Senator Jesse Bright from the U.S. Senate. The Valley Spirit contrasts Cowan's behavior to that of Senator Wilmot, who was supported by the Transcript, and argues that Wilmot's vote to remove Bright from the Senate was not made in good conscience, and that significant doubt existed as to whether or not Bright should have been removed. The editors cite Wilmot's vote as further evidence of the disregard of Republicans for due process and the Constitution.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, February 21, 1862, p. 3, c. 1: "Too Fast."
Acknowledges that the Dispatch reported the fall of Fort Donelson to the Union two days before it actually occurred. Points out, in response to the Valley Spirit's chiding, that the Spirit perpetually prints news a week or ten days after it has occurred.

Valley Spirit, March 5, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "Treason and Loyalty."
Attacks the Transcript for defining Democrats as inherently treasonous.

Valley Spirit, March 5, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "Alarm Among the Renegades."
Attacks John W. Forney for his accusation that Pennsylvania Democrats are disloyal and criticizes the Chambersburg Times for its support of Forney's position. The editorial claims that Democrats are accused of disloyalty when they point out the burden of taxation that the war has brought on or when they argue that compromise could have avoided they war. However, people like Forney do not do anything when Republicans criticize McClellan or condemn the Union for failing to embrace abolition.

Valley Spirit, March 19, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "A Pill."
Insults the editor of the Transcript for his recent attacks on the Valley Spirit.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 25, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "War Taxation."
Denounces the Valley Spirit for criticizing the tax that has been established to pay the war debt in the North. Points out that the Southerners who, according to the Spirit, are responsible for the war consider themselves to be Democrats and argues that the amount of taxation necessary will mean no hardship for a country as wealthy as the United States.

Valley Spirit, April 2, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "The Late Elections."
Celebrates the recent Democratic victories in the spring election in Franklin County and notes similar results in Carlisle, in York County, in Shippensburg, and in Washington County.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 18, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "'Small Politicians.'"
Condemns the Valley Spirit for "turning up his beautiful, aristocratic proboscis" at what the Spirit refers to as "small politicians." The Dispatch expresses the opinion that the Spirit is referring to workingmen rather than professional men and compares the Spirit's attitude to that of aristocratic Southerners who refer to workingmen as "greasy mechanics" and "mudsills."

Valley Spirit, April 23, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "The Gailed Jade Winces."
An editorial ridiculing a response from the Chambersburg Times to an article written by the Valley Spirit several weeks ago. The Spirit notes that the Times is trying to portray the Spirit as anti-working man, and yet the Times uses disparaging language such as 'greasy mechanics' and 'mudsills' to describe mechanics and working men. The editors also poke fun at the amount of brackets and exclamation points in the Times's article, and conclude by arguing that they don't need to stoop to defend themselves against the Times's attacks.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 25, 1862, p. 2, c. 2: "The True Reason."
Refutes the claim made by the Valley Spirit that it is the existence of abolitionists and not of slavery that is to blame for the war. Argues that the Spirit is not condemning the crime but the attempt to get rid of the crime as the evil.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 25, 1862, p. 2, c. 2: "The 'Spirit' and the Workingmen."
Points out that the Valley Spirit has attempted to deny the Dispatch's charge that by ridiculing what the Spirit calls "small politicians" it has "sneered" at the workingmen of Chambersburg. The Dispatch again defends the artisans of the town from ill treatment in the press by the Spirit.

Valley Spirit, June 18, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "A Snake-bit Editor."
Attacks the Waynesboro Village Record for its description of Democrats as "snakes" and Southern sympathizers.

Valley Spirit, August 6, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "To the Public."
P. S. Dechert announces the sale of his share of the Valley Spirit to Hiram C. Keyser, Esq., and his withdrawal from the firm of B. Y. Hamsher. Hamsher and Keyser have made an arrangement with William Kennedy, Esq. whereby the Valley Spirit and the Chambersburg Times will be united under joint management and proprietorship, and the firm will salute the public next week through the united papers. All debts from January of 1862 have been purchased by the new firm; all debts before that time should be settled promptly, as no person concerned with the publication of the Spirit before that time is now associated with the paper. Dechert thanks all the people who have patronized the paper during his tenure.

Valley Spirit, August 13, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "To our Patrons and the Public."
The new owners announce the first issue of the consolidated Valley Spirit and Times, and lay out its editorial stance. The Spirit and Times will continue to be a Democratic paper that will argue for the maintenance of the Union and the vindication of the Constitution. It will stand for conservatism and constitutional liberty, opposing both abolitionists and secessionists.

Valley Spirit, August 20, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "Even-Handed Justice."
The proprietors and editors of the Harrisburg Patriot and Union (a Democratic paper often excerpted by the Valley Spirit) were arrested recently on order of the provost marshal of Washington, and taken to Washington City under military guard and imprisoned. The Valley Spirit and Times argues that this happened simply because they were Democrats. In contrast, Republican papers are free to publish the most incendiary material that they choose without any repercussions.

Valley Spirit, September 3, 1862, p. 4, c. 3: "A Short Chapter on a Small Subject."
Attacks the Dispatch both for its recent criticisms of the Valley Spirit and Times and for its abolitionist views. The editorial also suggests that the Dispatch's editor met with Frederick Douglass when he visited the town and might have been connected with John Brown's raid.

Valley Spirit, October 8, 1862, p. 1, c. 3: "From the Army in Kentucky."
A correspondent stationed in Louisville, Kentucky writes that after reading a copy of the Transcript, he recalled how thin the Unionism of some Republicans were. When this soldier was at home last summer, he was accused of being a "Secesh," for no other reason than attending the Democratic convention and arguing with radical Republicans. However, he claims, several of the "Union" party men were none too anxious to enlist, and one left almost as soon as he got to Harrisburg.

Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "The Election."
The editors announce the results of the election last week as a general victory for the Democrats. Within Franklin County, Democrats won the Sheriff, District Attorney, and Director of the Poor, and other races were close--a good victory, considering the larger margin by which Democrats lost the year before.

Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 4, c. 4: "Victory! Victory!!"
The editors print the statewide elections results. Fifteen of the twenty-four Pennsylvania congressmen are now Democratic. In addition, the voters elected a Democratic majority was in the State Assembly, which secures the election of a Democratic senator to replace the despised David Wilmot.

Valley Spirit, November 12, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "The Conservative Men."
The writers congratulate Democrats for their victory in the elections (which they feel would have been bigger had the army been allowed to vote), and claim that conservative voters had persevered through intimidation to cast their votes for the Constitution and the Union. Now, the writers urge, conservative men must try to educate other voters to bring them into their political organizations and to teach them "the principles of the fathers."

Valley Spirit, November 19, 1862, p. 4, c. 3: "The Return Judges and the Army Vote."
The editors attempt to summarize the events surrounding the election-returns judges' decision not to count the votes of the 126th Regiment for the Franklin County elections.

Valley Spirit, March 25, 1863, p. 2, c.1: "The Township Elections!"
The editors celebrate the Democratic victories in the recent township elections, which they interpret as giving Franklin County a 500 vote Democratic majority.

Valley Spirit, March 25, 1863, p. 2, c. 3: "'Union or Loyal League.'"
The editors criticize the Transcript's call for the formation of a local Union or Loyal league. Such an organization could have only two purposes, say the editors. One would be to trap unsuspecting Democrats into supporting a Republican organization, which the editors feel has little chance of success. The other would be to form a secret military organization to terrorize political opponents. The editors urge Democrats to be vigilant and monitor their liberties at all costs.

Valley Spirit, April 1, 1863, p. 2, c. 6: "Elections."
This letter, sent with the returns of the local elections from Waynesboro, claims that the elections prove that local voters have lost confidence in the party in power.

Valley Spirit, April 22, 1863, p. 2, c. 2: "Where Does He Stand?"
Col. Alexander McClure addressed the "Union Leaguers" last Tuesday and delivered what the editors believe to be a contradictory speech. While going out of his way to argue that the Democrats are not traitors, which did not get him a warm reception at the gathering, he then attacked the Democratic party.

Valley Spirit, May 6, 1863, p. 2, c. 1: "Let Us Be Honest With Ourselves."
In this editorial, the editors describe a shift in the political sentiments of Franklin County, with conservative men either joining the Democratic party or dropping out of party politics altogether. The editors claim that, if a Democratic administration were to be elected, it would adopt a platform characterized by "the union of the sword with the olive branch."

Valley Spirit, May 6, 1863, p. 3, c. 2: "Proscription in Business."
Jacob C. Eyster, of C. W. Eyster & Co., came into the offices of the Spirit and Times, paid for his due on advertising, and said he would not advertise anymore as he would not support the paper's political positions. The editors hint that subscribers should avoid Eyster & Co.

Valley Spirit, June 10, 1863, p. 3, c. 1: "Newspaper Change."
Snively Strickler has sold the Repository and Transcript to Col. A. K. McClure and his partner, H. S. Stoner, Esq. The new firm takes possession this week and will issue its first edition next week, under the paper's old name, the Franklin Repository. The editors regret "the loss of our friend Strickler from the editorial fraternity," but praise McClure's "enviable reputation" as a journalist, and Stoner's reputation as a "excellent business man and an honorable, high-minded gentleman." They also note that the partners have purchased the Dispatch and are shutting it down, leaving only one Republican newspaper in town.

Franklin Repository, July 29, 1863, p. 4, c. 2: "The Democratic Platform."
Chastises Pennsylvania Democrats for holding their convention during the Confederate occupation and criticizes their platform for not expressing any devotion or loyalty to the Union.

Franklin Repository, August 12, 1863, p. 1, c. 4: "Union Meeting."
Describes the Union Meeting held Aug. 10, at which Hon. Wm. D. Kelly, of Philadelphia spoke and resolutions were read by Isaac H. McCauley.

Franklin Repository, August 12, 1863, p. 4, c. 1: "Governor Curtin."
Praises Gov. Curtin and the fighting men of Pennsylvania and predicts a victory for the Union and the Union party.

Franklin Repository, August 19, 1863, p. 4, c. 1: "A Riot Wanted."
Criticizes the Harrisburg Patriot and Union for trying to provoke a riot in Schuylkill in response to the draft. The Repository continues its attacks on Judge Woodward for his "malignity and treachery" in fomenting "anarchy."

Franklin Repository, August 19, 1863, p. 4, c. 5: "Union Leagues."
Urges the establishment of Union Leagues in every district in Franklin County.

Franklin Repository, August 26, 1863, p. 1, c. 5: "Philadelphia."
Reports the actions of Gen. Rosseau, Northern Copperheads, and black regiments as well as news on the draft and elections.

Franklin Repository, August 26, 1863, p. 4, c. 1: "The Spirit for Curtin."
Charges the Spirit with printing lies about Gov. Curtin. The authors argue that the Spirit's negative comments of Curtin will actually further his election.

Franklin Repository, September 30, 1863, p. 1, c. 1: "The Difficulty at Waynesboro."
Includes a letter by B. M. Morrow, Major 1st Battalion 22nd Cavalry, that responds to accusations that he and other soldiers disrupted a Union meeting in Waynesboro previously reported in the Repository. The editors accuse Morrow of being intoxicated.

Franklin Repository, September 30, 1863, p. 4, c. 2: "A Word to Soldiers."
Urges voters to support wounded soldiers in the upcoming election for their noble efforts in the war.

Franklin Repository, September 30, 1863, p. 4, c. 3: "Woodward and Foreigners."
Calls attention to the platform of Judge Woodward that no foreigner should be allowed to vote or hold office in Pennsylvania after 1841. The Repository urges Germans in Franklin County to consider this fact.

Franklin Repository, October 7, 1863, p. 1, c. 1: "Gossip with Our Friends."
Responds to slogans of "Orrstown will never, never, NEVER go White Slavery or Negro Equality" at the Democratic mass meeting. The author denies black equality, but accepts "respectable" blacks. He also mentions the bribery of people with 15 cents to join the Democratic parade as evidence of Democratic attempts to buy Republican votes with Southern money.

Franklin Repository, October 21, 1863, p. 4, c. 3: "The Republic Lives!"
Reports Union successes in elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Iowa.

Franklin Repository, October 21, 1863, p. 1, c. 1: "Election Night."
Recounts the events in the Repository office on election night.

Franklin Repository, October 21, 1863, p. 1, c. 5: "The Late Campaign."
Praises the efforts of John Stewart, the Chairman of the Union County Committee, and other Union men in the recent successful election in Franklin.

Franklin Repository, October 21, 1863, p. 5, c. 2: "Franklin County Official."
Lists the voting results for Franklin County.

Franklin Repository, October 28, 1863, p. 4, c. 1: "A Glance at the Struggle."
Details Gov. Curtin's election victory. The Repository claims that Curtin's majority would have been larger if Woodward had not disfranchised the soldiers. The editors claim that the southern counties labored under heavy difficulties. The rebel invasion brought increased influence to Copperheads who encouraged citizens to vote against Curtin because the state government was slow in its compensation to the invaded areas. They also criticize the Provost Marshal General's insistence that thousands of men cross the Alleghenies for examination in Charlottesville for possible exemptions. Instead, the editors suggest that the three officers and a few clerks should have gone to those counties.

Valley Spirit, January 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 5: "The Democratic Platform."
The Democratic State Central Committee passed a number of resolutions concerning the recent elections, Lincoln's recent proclamations on abolition, and the procedure for seceded states to return to the Union.

Franklin Repository, February 3, 1864, p. 1, c. 1: "'Not One of the Democratic Members . . .'"
The author scolds the Democratic Congressmen from Pennsylvania for having "neither the pluck nor the patriotism to utter a word" in support of the bill to reimburse the state for the damages caused by the Confederacy's invasion the previous summer. The Republicans did speak up.

Franklin Repository, February 3, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "'The Spirit Is Appalled . . .'"
Criticizes the Spirit for opposing a conscription act.

Valley Spirit, February 17, 1864, p. 4, c. 1: "'Loyalty' and Damages."
The editors note the introduction of a bill in the state legislature to pay damages to those who sustained losses during the Confederate raids. However, they add, a preamble added that required citizens to offer proof of loyalty before they could be repaid is inappropriate and insulting. None of the charges of disloyalty lodged against the citizens of Franklin County are true, say the editors, and the names associated with these charges have only the most tenuous connections to the county.

Franklin Repository, February 17, 1864, p. 6, c. 1: "Border Loyalty."
The debate about whether or not to insist on a statement of loyalty from all Pennsylvania border residents before awarding them compensation for damages sustained during the Confederate invasion sparks this expostulation on loyalty. The author notes that there are "former citizens of this county who are in the rebel army," including a man named Fitzhugh. Gen. Dunn, "once one of our Associate Judges, and a standing Democratic candidate for Canal Commissioner, is also in the rebel army although over seventy years of age." These men are exceptions, however, and the border residents are, "as a class, as earnestly loyal as the citizens of any other sections of Pennsylvania."

Franklin Repository, February 24, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "'The Spirit, Speaking . . .'"
Criticizes the Spirit, which does not believe that all citizens who bring claims for military damages before the state legislature should have to take an oath of loyalty.

Franklin Repository, March 2, 1864, p. 4, c. 1: "Military Damages."
The author asserts that financial reparations should be made to the border counties for damages caused by the war, and notes that Pennsylvania is owed five million dollars from people who hold unpatented lands in the state.

Valley Spirit, March 2, 1864, p. 4, c. 4: "The Damage Bill."
Criticizes the Republican members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for opposing a bill that would provide payment to residents of border counties who have sustained damages during the war.

Franklin Repository, March 9, 1864, p. 4, c. 2: "The Township Elections."
The author urges Union men to come out for the elections for township and other local officers in order to try to regain positions lost to the Democrats in the election the previous spring, and as preparation for the national election to come.

Franklin Repository, March 9, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "'The Spirit of the 17th . . .'"
Provides further details about the Spirit's opposition to a loyalty oath for any claimants for military damages.

Valley Spirit, March 16, 1864, p. 4, c. 4: "Killed."
Reports that a recent vote by Republican members of the Pennsylvania House to send military damage legislation to the committee on foreign relations is tantamount to killing the bill.

Valley Spirit, April 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "Personal Security."
Accuses the public officers of Chambersburg of exercising favoritism toward anyone who commits a crime but is a Republican.

Valley Spirit, April 27, 1864, p. 4, c.1: "The Administration of Justice."
Amid speculation that local judges are not administering justice even-handedly, the author suggests that readers should not expect protection from the law unless they share a judge's political beliefs.

Valley Spirit, April 27, 1864, p. 4, c. 4: "Communicated."
Author condemns recent court decisions that reveal partiality on the judges' part.

Valley Spirit, May 4, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "The Judiciary."
Explains that the Valley Spirit's expressed concern about the impartiality of judges was not meant to be an attack on the judiciary, as the Franklin Repository suggested.

Valley Spirit, June 1, 1864, p. 5, c.1: "'In a local item . . .'"
Dismisses the suggestion made by another newspaper that members of the Democratic party are helping deserters to escape from the army.

Franklin Repository, June 15, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "The Old Flag."
An unabashed plug for a "campaign paper for the people," to be forthcoming from the editors of the Franklin Repository, McClure and Stoner. They vow to devote twenty columns a week to Lincoln and Johnson, and to "wage relentless war upon Copperheads until their decisive discomfiture in November."

Franklin Repository, June 15, 1864, p. 5, c. 3: "The New Union Pole."
After trouble last week, a new Union pole was successfully planted in the Diamond at Chambersburg: "With the exception of the great pole 240 feet in height on the grounds of the Sanitary Fair in Philadelphia, this is perhaps the highest Union pole in the State."

Valley Spirit, July 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 5: "Why Is Pennsylvania Unprepared."
The Inquirer, a Republican newspaper, blames "venal and corrupt men" in Harrisburg for failing to take any action to protect the state from another rebel invasion.

Franklin Repository, July 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "Shall Our Soldiers Vote?"
The Repository discusses the soldiers' right to vote, noting the precedent from the Mexican War. The Repository also notes that the Democrats have not given any support to the enfranchisement of soldiers. The article includes the text of the amendment to the state constitution.

Franklin Repository, July 27, 1864, p. 4, c. 1: "'A Bedford County Correspondent . . .'"
The Repository dispels the rumors--supposedly spread by copperheads--that the amendment granting suffrage to soldiers includes black soldiers.

Franklin Repository, September 7, 1864, p. 1, c. 4: "Important Laws."
Reports the passage of a bill which sets the procedures to enact the amendment allowing suffrage to Pennsylvania soldiers. Soldiers would vote in polling places set up at the quarters of the commanding officers. Soldiers prevented from attending the election at the company poll would vote at any poll most convenient. Soldiers unable to vote with a company would vote by proxy by sending their ballots to an elector at home.

Franklin Repository, September 21, 1864, p. 1, c. 6: "Address of the Union State Committee."
Prints the address of Simon Cameron, president of the Union State Committee, supporting votes for the Union candidates. Cameron believes that support for the war will bring peace and reunion. The Democrats only offer peace with Confederate independence.

Valley Spirit, September 21, 1864, p. 2, c. 7: '"What Cheer.'"
Describes "the zeal, the vigor, and the confidence" of Democrats in Franklin County for those supporters who live out in the country and cannot witness the enthusiasm for themselves.

Valley Spirit, September 28, 1864, p. 2, c. 2: "Democratic Meetings."
Reports that an "unprecedented" number of county residents have attended Democratic meetings in the Franklin County electoral districts recently. Says that attempts by critics to break up the meetings failed thanks to the enthusiasm expressed by the Democrats (even though the daughter of Mr.William Ward was hit and seriously hurt when a protester threw a stone intended to hit a Democratic speaker).

Franklin Repository, September 21, 1864, p. 3, c. 1: "Immense Union Gathering."
Describes a Union meeting at which Col. Stumbaugh presided and Gen. Koontz spoke. McClure spoke on Coffroth's voting record in Congress. Coffroth denied that he voted against appropriations for the army. McClure then pointed out that Coffroth voted against the bills that would provide the revenue for those appropriations. Coffroth did not deny the charge.

Franklin Repository, October 12, 1864, p. 3, c. 1: "Disgraceful Conduct."
Reports several "disgraceful disturbances" during campaigning by Stewart, Sharpe, Eyster, and Everett in the district. Opponents threw stones and damaged their carriages.

Franklin Repository, October 19, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "'Rally Once Again!'"
Celebrates the Republican victories in the recent Pennsylvania elections.

Franklin Repository, October 19, 1864, p. 2, c. 3: "'Franklin county did well . . .'"
Describes the official vote of Franklin County. A majority of civilians voted against the Union County ticket, but the soldiers voted for the Union County ticket by a wider margin.

Franklin Repository, October 19, 1864, p. 3, c. 1: "Election Night."
The Repository reports that election returns in the early evening indicated Democrat victories, but near the end of the evening returns from two Franklin companies (one in Tennessee and one in Pottsville) provided victory for the entire Union ticket.

Valley Spirit, October 19, 1864, p. 2, c. 3: "The Election."
Summarizes the results of the county elections: Hon. A. H. Coffroth (Democrat) was elected to Congress in the 16th congressional district by a majority of 700; Hon. J. McDowell Sharpe (Democrat) was reelected to the state legislature; and Hon. Francis M. Kimmell (Democrat) was "very probably" elected to the position of president judge. Also urges Franklin County readers to support McClellan in the November election.

Franklin Repository, November 16, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Cheating by Rule."
Criticizes the election judges who discarded army votes to obtain Democratic victories for Kimmell for judge and Coffroth for Congress. The Repository believes Governor Curtin will proclaim Koontz's election over Kimmell. The paper prepares to criticize Coffroth if he accepts the illegal victory.

Valley Spirit, November 30, 1864, p. 3, c. 1: "Franklin County--Full Official Returns."
Lists the full official returns for Franklin County in both the congressional and presidential elections, which now include the army vote.

Valley Spirit, February 8, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "Gen A. H. Coffroth."
Lambasts Gen. A. H. Coffroth, the member of the US House of Representatives representing Franklin County, for betraying the Democratic party by voting for an amendment to abolish slavery.

Valley Spirit, February 15, 1865, p. 2, c. 2: "Harrisburg."
Reviews the recent proceedings of the Pennsylvania legislature, including the passage of a resolution thanking the Pennsylvania Governor for lodging a complaint to Abraham Lincoln about draft quotas. Also notes that both houses passed resolutions favoring a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery.

Valley Spirit, February 22, 1865, p. 3, c. 2: "Orphan Children of Soldiers."
Explains what educational benefits are available to orphan children from the state government.

Franklin Repository, February 22, 1865, p. 2, c. 5: "Major Dodge."
Reports the censure of Major Dodge, the Assistant Provost Marshal of Pennsylvania, by Gov. Curtin for his mistreatment of enlisted men. Curtin demands that Lincoln remove Dodge from office.

Valley Spirit, March 15, 1865, p. 2, c. 2: "Relief for the Border."
Condemns members of the Pennsylvania legislature for not supporting relief measures for border counties.

National Politics

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 3: "We Have a Government!"
The new presidential administration has rescued the nation's capital from the political confusion and treachery of the Buchanan administration.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 1, c. 4: "Lieutenant Talbot."
The Baltimore Clipper complains that the secessionists have asked for a truce and are now using the time the U.S. government has granted them to build up fortifications and raise an army.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 1, c. 4: "'There are 1,200 men . . .'"
Details the number of troops in Washington and speculates that 700 men in Washington are involved in an organized conspiracy against the Union.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "The Result of Vacillation."
Attributes the capture of Fort Sumter and any bloodshed that might ensue to the "vacillating and effeminate" administration of Buchanan.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 17, 1861, p. 1, c. 3: "The American Race."
Reasons that America's population has increased by one-third in the past ten years because of the intermarriage in the United States of the races of Celts, Teutons, Anglo-Saxons, and North American Indians. This mixing of the races has made the "stock" more "vigorous" and will ultimately produce a peculiar "American race," which will exhibit the different positive characteristics of all these distinct peoples.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 17, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Out of Place."
Editorial response to papers that have attempted to blame the Republicans for the war. The editor argues that in most cases, both Democrats and Republicans have put aside the question of who or what has forced the country into war. Expresses satisfaction that few Northern papers have attempted to "stir up such a spirit of vile partisanship."

Valley Spirit, June 29, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The War."
Reports that a sentiment exists amongst Northern visitors to Washington that the federal government should seek a compromise. It is rumored that Lincoln holds a similar belief. Gen. Scott, while training the volunteers for battle, "is not disposed to strike a decisive blow until after the meeting of Congress."

Valley Spirit, June 29, 1861, p. 2, c. 6: "No Party."
The Patriot and Union objects to the Republican policy of "no party." It argues that this policy means that Democrats are dissuaded from putting up candidates while Republicans continue to elect their own.

Valley Spirit, July 3, 1861, p. 2, c. 3: "Congress."
The Spirit believes that Congress will not favor any peace measures when it convenes next week.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 16, 1861, p. 4, c. 1: "Niggerless Individuals."
Anecdote involving Colonel Frank Blair, in which Blair tells a slaveholder from Missouri that the federal government doesn't object to slave ownership. If slaveholders attempt to take Missouri out of the Union, however, they will shortly find themselves without their slaves.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Rapid and Effective."
Predicts that, once the war is over and the North has won a quick victory, statesmen from the North will meet their counter parts from the South as equals without any of the "haughty insolence" the latter used to show toward the former.

Valley Spirit, August 3, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "The True Union Party."
Defends the Democratic party as the true Union party in the North.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Adjournment of Congress."
Applauds Congress for their recent work in the extra session.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 16, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "A Peace Party."
Argues that those in the North who cry "Peace!" are simply "enemies of the Union." Peace should only be achieved, the Dispatch insists, through "complete submission of those in arms against the Government."

Valley Spirit, August 21, 1861, p. 4, c. 3: "Then and Now."
Criticizes those Douglas Democrats who continue their efforts to keep the Democratic Party divided.

Valley Spirit, August 21, 1861, p. 8, c. 2: "High Taxes and Low Wages."
Criticizes the new Republican taxes, which are disproportionately borne by working people.

Valley Spirit, August 28, 1861, p. 4, c. 4: "Quarreling Among Themselves."
Asserts that the Union party movement is causing Republicans to quarrel among themselves and will ultimately damage them more than it will the Democrats.

Valley Spirit, September 4, 1861, p. 4, c. 5: "Touch Not the Unclean Thing."
Writer abhors the Republican attempts to destroy the Democratic party.

Valley Spirit, September 11, 1861, p. 4, c. 6: "The Real Traitors."
Asserts that by accusing the Northern Democracy of sympathizing with Secessionists, the Republicans are encouraging the Southern rebellion by giving credence to the illusion that the rebels have a vast pool of Northern support.

Valley Spirit, November 27, 1861, p. 1, c. 6: "'The emancipationists . . .'"
Argues that the emancipationists have gotten themselves entangled in their inconsistencies. They have generally argued that slaves were persons, not property. Now, however, they have adopted a policy of liberating the slaves on the grounds that slaves are rebel property. If the slaves are indeed such valuable property, how can the government set them free and thus lose so many millions of dollars?

Valley Spirit, December 4, 1861, p. 5, c. 2: "How to Turn the World Topsy Turvey."
Virulently racist article opposing abolition, which the author sees as leading inevitably to miscegenation.

Valley Spirit, December 11, 1861, p. 4, c. 1: "What Are We Fighting For?"
Asserts that abolitionists and contract seekers wish to prolong the war.

Valley Spirit, December 18, 1861, p. 4, c. 3: "President Lincoln and the War."
Writer criticizes abolitionism and supports the right of Southerners to hold slaves.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 14, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "The Embarrassment of the Government."
Complains of the government's policy that allows Southern sympathizers to remain in office within the federal government.

Valley Spirit, January 22, 1862, p. 1, c. 1: "The Mission of the Democratic Party."
Emphasizes the patriotic sentiments of Northern Democrats who do not wish to join "Union" parties with Republicans. Northern Democrats, it argues, have a sounder, "conservative" understanding of the Constitution and Republican attempts to "abolitionize" the war fly in the face of the Constitution.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, February 7, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "Extraordinary Confession."
Prints the testimony of Democrats at the trial of Senator Bright of Indiana for treason and argues that the Democrats are admitting that they were aware of the "regular plan to bring about secession" from 1832 and forward.

Valley Spirit, March 5, 1862, p. 1, c. 3: "A Hero Wanted."
Attacks Republican military and political leaders for their meager achievements, their corruption, and their love for blacks.

Valley Spirit, March 5, 1862, p. 1, c. 6: "The State of the Case."
Proclaims that the mission of the Democratic Party during the war is to end the rebellion as soon as possible while keeping taxes as light as possible, as well as bringing Northern industrial interests back to health and preserving the Constitution.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 11, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "President's Message."
Relays the President's message to Congress from the previous Thursday.

Valley Spirit, March 26, 1862, p. 1, c. 4: "Senator Cowan's Speech against Confiscation."
Reprints the speech of Pennsylvania Senator Cowan, which compares the proposed policy of confiscation of Confederate property to a bill of attainder. Cowan claims the policy is unconstitutional and will further serve to alienate potential allies in the South.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 8, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "Democratic Conservatism."
Attacks the Democratic Party, implicating it in the rebellion and condemning its connections with slaveholders who do not display the honor they profess.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 8, 1862, p. 2, c. 2: "Reorganization of the Democrat Party."
Endorses the article by the Forney's Press Washington correspondent that warns against the reorganization of the national Democratic party along the lines it followed before the war.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 8, 1862, p. 3, c. 1: "Danger Ahead!"
The Washington correspondent of Forney's Press warns that if the Democratic party does reorganize along the same lines as they followed before the war, the nation will find itself in grave danger.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 11, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "'The Spirit . . .'"
Answers the Valley Spirit's claim that the Republicans were the ones who immediately answered the President's call for troops and thus are responsible for the war. The Dispatch agrees that the Republicans did respond promptly to the President's call and proposes that the Democrats had just as much reason to fight to uphold the Constitution and the Union as did the Republicans.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 15, 1862, p. 2, c. 1: "Liberality of the Republican Party."
Emphasizes the "liberality" the Republicans have shown to their political opponents and the "high disinterested patriotism" that they exemplify in their fighting of the war. Extracts a letter written by Colonel Forney pointing out examples of the generosity exhibited by the Republicans.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 15, 1862, p. 2, c. 2: "'Occasional' the Washington correspondent . . ."
Points out that the minor leaders of the Democratic party continue to endorse leaders in the Senate and House who, according to the Dispatch, have given aid to the enemy by their speeches and votes.

Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 15, 1862, p. 2, c. 3: "What a Shame for the Free North!"
Denounces Northerners who believe that preserving the institution of slavery is more important than preserving the Union or the honor of the nation.

Valley Spirit, May 7, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "Democracy and the Union."
Argues that the Democratic Party is in full support of the Lincoln administration's efforts to put down the war. However, the editors believe that the government should promise the Union men of the South that their rights will be preserved after the war, and they point to the administration of Andrew Johnson in Tennessee as an example of how this might work. Beyond supporting Lincoln's prosecution of the war, however, the editors refuse to support his abolition goals or condone the corruption they discern in his administration.

Valley Spirit, May 14, 1862, p. 4, c. 4: "Abolition Logic."
Argues that one can see abolitionists arguing on both sides of the question as to whether or not black labor is superior to white, and what impact abolition will have. If black labor is inferior and slavery is crowding out white labor in the South, then abolition will release a flood of marginal labor into the market. On the other hand, if black labor is superior, it will crowd out white labor, which will be unpopular with the white working class. Either way, say the authors, emancipation will have deleterious consequences.

Valley Spirit, July 30, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "Stand Together."
The editors urge all loyal men in the Union to follow the example of the border states in joining together in fidelity to the national compact. They entreat Union men to resist the injunctions of the "radical majority" in Congress to make the war into a "atrocious and bloody programme" of abolition. It is no time for party, the editors say, but all men must unite against abolitionist fanatics like General Fremont, Sumner, Lovejoy, and the New York Tribune.

Valley Spirit, August 6, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "Who is Responsible?"
Attacks Senator Zachariah Chandler, and the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War, for their criticism of General McClellan. If this committee, argues the editors, had not been fixed on retaking Manassas and if they had not prodded McClellan to move before he was ready, Richmond might have fallen.

Valley Spirit, August 13, 1862, p. 4, c. 3: "Confiscation."
Argues against confiscation of Confederate property, stating that it would do more to punish the innocent rather than the guilty. The majority of the people in the South, argues the writer, did not support secession but were forced into it by an armed minority. The government should not punish their treason if it cannot protect their loyalty. If the loyal men of the South were given a chance to come back on fair terms, they would do so.

Valley Spirit, September 10, 1862, p. 1, c. 6: "Are We to Have a Dictator."
Alleges that, while nobody believes that the Union has a dictator at this time, Republican editors are clamoring to invest Lincoln with dictatorial powers in order to fight the war more effectively. Abolitionism has caused this blindness to liberty, say the editors, and true patriots should resist with all their might.

Valley Spirit, September 24, 1862, p. 5, c. 2: "Resolutions of the Late Democratic Convention."
The Democratic county convention reaffirmed its support of the Crittenden Resolution passed in 1861, which argued that the war should be fought for the "Union as it was and the Constitution as it is." The convention also expressed its support of the national administration, but stated that the war should not be fought to change Southern institutions.

Valley Spirit, October 1, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "The President's Proclamation."
The editors express their deep disappointment with Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. They had hoped that he would ignore the advice of radicals, and they had praised every evidence of his conservative tendencies. Now, however, the editors see that Lincoln has thrown his lot in with the radicals. The Proclamation will have little practical effect, they note, except to alienate Unionist Southerners as well as slaveholders in the border states.

Valley Spirit, October 8, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "The Election."
The editors lay out what they believe is at stake in this election. A Republican victory threatens the overthrow of the Constitution and equality for blacks.

Valley Spirit, October 15, 1862, p. 1, c. 1: "The Emancipation Proclamation."
A reprint of Gen. McClellan's order to the army relating President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. McClellan emphasizes that it is not the army's place to criticize public policy, but notes that "The remedy for political errors, if any are committed, is to be found only in the action of the people at the polls." The editors applaud McClellan's gallantry and urge voters to go to the polls and correct the errors of abolitionism.

Valley Spirit, October 15, 1862, p. 1, c. 2: "Abolitionism Against White Working Men."
Reprints an authorization by Secretary of War Stanton for black people taking refuge in military bases to be sent on to Northern cities to be hired as servants. The editors take this as proof that abolitionists are actively working to favor black labor over white labor.

Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 4, c. 4: "Victory! Victory!!"
The editors print the statewide elections results. Fifteen of the twenty-four Pennsylvania congressmen are now Democratic. In addition, the voters elected a Democratic majority in the State Assembly, which secures the election of a Democratic U.S. senator to replace the despised David Wilmot.

Valley Spirit, November 5, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "The Restoration of the Union."
Celebrates the recent Democratic electoral triumphs in the border states and argues that it sends a welcome sign to Southern Unionists. They must now, say the editors, rise up and dispose of Jefferson Davis, while the North breaks the Confederacy's military power. Abolitionism has made the chances of reunion less likely, and President Lincoln should heed the warning and see that if he does not change his policies, the "days of our country as a united nation are numbered."

Valley Spirit, November 12, 1862, p. 1, c. 5: "The Latest Despatches."
Reports on the removal of McClellan from command of the army and the soldiers' reaction to his dismissal.

Valley Spirit, November 26, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "A Suggestion."
A sarcastic editorial that asks where the 900,000 soldiers are that Horace Greeley said would flock to the army if the president signed the Emancipation Proclamation. The editors also suggest that McClellan's local critics should take command of troops since they seem to know military tactics better than McClellan did.

Valley Spirit, November 26, 1862, p. 4, c. 5: "From Washington."
The writer reports rumors in Washington that General Lee has written to General Halleck regarding the Emancipation Proclamation, which is due to take effect on January 1. Lee is supposed to have argued first, that the "instigation of a servile war" is not discussed in any book on military tactics, and must be regarded in the same light as poisoning wells, abusing prisoners or women and children; and second, that if the proclamation is not withdrawn, any women or children murdered by "infuriated negroes" will be avenged by the execution of an equal number of Union prisoners.

Valley Spirit, December 10, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "The President's Message."
The editors express their disappointment with the address by President Lincoln. Though they profess to try to support the president regardless of his party affiliation, they attack his address for downplaying the war and for stressing emancipation rather than discussing the sacrifices of Northern soldiers. The editors also quote the Journal of Commerce's critique of several of Lincoln's propositions, including the national banking act and the abolition plan. The banking scheme would disrupt the entire economy, they claim, and the emancipation plan would destroy the nation financially and politically.

Valley Spirit, January 7, 1863, p. 2, c. 1: "The Emancipation Proclamation."
The editors note the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. While they do not comment on it extensively, the editors observe that Lincoln's proclamation will have little effect but to prolong the war and exacerbate the conflict.

Valley Spirit, February 11, 1863, p. 2, c. 1: "Whither Are We Drifting?"
The editors point to three pieces of national legislation--Senator Wilson's bill giving the president absolute power over the state militias, a bill giving the power to the president to suspend habeas corpus at his discretion, and Thaddeus Steven's bill to allow the enlistment of black soldiers--as evidence of a move toward despotism by radical leaders. There is some hope, the editors say, of reversing this course if Lincoln were to reject the "destructive and revolutionary doctrines of abolitionism" and recall General McClellan to the head of the army, but they conclude there is little chance of that. Instead, they hope that God and the people of the United States will find some way to prevent the subversion of the government by both Southern and Northern traitors.

Valley Spirit, March 4, 1863, p. 2, c. 1: "A Change of Policy."
The editors quote from recent speeches in the British Parliament that observe that under Lincoln's present policy the American Union will never be reconstructed. The editors heartily agree with that sentiment and argue that the administration has deviated from the initial war goals. Instead of preservation of the Constitution and restoration of the Union, the editors argue, the Republicans have shifted the war goals to more radical measures. However, the president can still change course, the editors argue, by refusing to use the confiscation bill, by revoking the Emancipation Proclamation and stopping black enlistment, by purging his cabinet, and by restoring the original purposes to the war.

Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 1, c. 4: "Riot in New York!"
Details a riot in New York City in response to the draft.

Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 2, c. 5: "The Contempt in Which the Rebels Hold Peace Sneaks."
The Franklin Repository quotes a scathing article from the Richmond Enquirer in which the Enquirer heaps scorn on Northern Peace Democrats. The paper sarcastically states that it hopes that the Democrats will be helped "by continued and severe reverses in the field; and it is the first and most urgent duty of our countrymen so to help and sustain the Democratic party."

Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 4, c. 6: "'Andrews, the leader of the New York rioters . . .'"
Reports that Andrews, the leader of the New York rioters who "maltreated or murdered every negro found on the streets," was captured in a brothel with his "negro paramour."

Franklin Repository, August 5, 1863, p. 5, c. 1: "'When the government . . .'"
Criticizes copperheads for their racial hypocrisy.

Franklin Repository, September 30, 1863, p. 2, c. 4: "The President's Proclamation--How It Works."
Explains the workings of Lincoln's suspension of the writ of habeas corpus.

Franklin Repository, January 13, 1864, p. 5, c. 1: "Gossip With Our Friends."
An account of the author's exchange with a Copperhead that presents the arguments of both Union man and Copperhead.

Valley Spirit, March 2, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "'Honest Old Abe.'"
Predicts that the presence of open Northern hostility toward Lincoln will make it difficult for him to win renomination for president.

Franklin Repository, March 2, 1864, p. 4, c. 2: "What of the Democracy?"
The author observes that many Democrats, in their effort to elect the next President of the United States, have joined their foes, the Republicans, in declaring that slavery must be overthrown.

Valley Spirit, March 2, 1864, p. 4, c. 4: "Lincoln's Administration."
Notes that Republican newspapers are lamenting that their party is falling apart under Lincoln's leadership.

Franklin Repository, March 30, 1864, p. 4, c. 1: "Democratic State Convention."
This withering editorial about the state convention emphasizes how the Democrats developed "scarcely the ghost of a platform," deserted last year's heros (namely Vallandigham), and "seem to think that the Lincoln administration is no worse than that of Jeff. Davis, for they denounce neither."

Franklin Repository, April 6, 1864, p. 8, c. 2: "Income Tax."
Details the instructions on the collection of the National Income Tax, including the reminder that citizens must visit the assessor, N. P. Pearse.

Valley Spirit, April 13, 1864, p. 4, c.1: "The Presidential Struggle."
Gives reasons why the Democrats will not bow to Republican pressure to stay out of the next presidential race.

Franklin Repository, June 8, 1864, p. 4, c. 2: "The Union Party--It's Issues."
Praises the Union party and explains its positions.

Valley Spirit, June 15, 1864, p. 4, c.1: "The Baltimore Convention."
Reports on the Republican Convention in Baltimore that renominated Lincoln for president.

Franklin Repository, June 22, 1864, p. 2, c. 2: "The New Marriage."
A sardonic celebration of the new "marriage" between Copperheads and radicals, joined together by their mutual hatred of Lincoln.

Valley Spirit, June 22, 1864, p. 4, c.1: "A Left-Handed Endorsement."
Calls the Repository "hypocritical" for praising Lincoln in one column and then condemning his cabinet in another.

Valley Spirit, June 29, 1864, p. 4, c. 2: "'The Repository seems to have . . .'"
Authors defend themselves against criticism from the Repository about the Valley Spirit's language in a recent article about Lincoln's and Johnson's renominations.

Valley Spirit, July 6, 1864, p. 4, c. 3: "'The Repository is a very fair paper. . . .'"
Sarcastically suggests that the Repository is "honorable" and "very fair" to be supporting Lincoln for president even as it privately doubts his fitness for the job.

Valley Spirit, July 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 2: '"A. Lincoln.'"
Explains how Lincoln has managed to lose the faith of the people beginning from his first day in Washington.

Valley Spirit, September 7, 1864, p. 2, c. 2: "The Chicago Convention."
Prints favorable commentary from the New York World on the nomination of General McClellan by the Chicago Democratic Convention.

Franklin Repository, September 14, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Gen. M'Clellan's Acceptance."
The Repository argues that, in his acceptance speech, McClellan attempts to "sugar-coat it [the Chicago platform] with gentle apologies" and "dilutes it with a finely prepared imitation of fidelity to our Nationality, and then swallows the dose down and seems to congratulate himself that he has concealed the cloven foot of his friend and exponents, and hopes to defraud a Nation."

Valley Spirit, September 14, 1864, p. 2, c. 3: "Gen. Mcclellan's Letter Of Acceptance."
McClellan's letter accepting the Democratic nomination for president outlines his views on the future direction of the war.

Valley Spirit, September 21, 1864, p. 1, c. 6: "The Real Issue."
Criticizes the Lincoln administration for suggesting that the Democratic party is supporting the Confederacy. Argues instead that the Democratic party only wants peace.

Franklin Repository, October 26, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "'Union Men!'"
Encourages all Union supporters to vote and argues that a vote for McClellan will be a vote for "Peace upon any terms." A vote for Lincoln, on the other hand, will be a declaration that the war "shall be prosecuted until despairing traitors yield to the majesty of the laws and the unity of the States."

Valley Spirit, November 2, 1864, p. 1, c. 5: "The November Elections."
Claims that the results of the recent local elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana show that the political tide is running in the Democrats' favor for the presidential election. Calls Pennsylvania a state "certain to vote for McClellan."

Franklin Repository, November 9, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "The Struggle Ended."
The Repository describes the struggle between the Democrats and the Union parties in the 1864 elections. In the improbable case of Democratic victory in the presidency, the paper pledges to support McClellan as long as he maintains the unity of the United States and overthrows treason.

Franklin Repository, January 25, 1865, p. 2, c. 3: "Washington."
Reports news from the Washington correspondent including rejoicing over the fall of Fort Fisher, updates on the progress of Blair in Richmond, plans for Lincoln's inauguration, Union victories and Confederate defeats, the Charleston Mercury's favorable comparison of Lincoln to Davis, the new railroad project, and John W. Forney and the Secretaryship of the Interior.

Franklin Repository, February 1, 1865, p. 2, c. 2: "The Blair Mission Ended."
Expresses disappointment with Blair's failed mission to bring a peaceful end to the war. The author blames the South for its refusal to consider the reunion of the states.

Valley Spirit, February 22, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "The Late Peace Conference."
Blames the recent impasse in peace talks on the Lincoln administration. Suggests that its unwillingness to compromise on the slavery question is the reason for the failure of negotiations.

Franklin Repository, March 8, 1865, p. 2, c. 2: "Coffroth Explains."
Recounts Republican and Democratic reactions to Coffroth's vote in Congress in favor of the amendment to abolish slavery. The author ridicules Coffroth's assertion that he supported the amendment because the end of slavery would destroy the Republican party.

Valley Spirit, March 8, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "Inaugural Address."
Suggests that the public is not interested in Lincoln's second inaugural address because they realize he probably will not fulfill his promises.

Valley Spirit, March 15, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "The Damage Bill."
Prints an extract from the House of Representatives' consideration of a bill to appoint assessors to valuate the damage sustained by border counties such as Franklin County. Suggests that no help from the legislature will be forthcoming.

Valley Spirit, March 15, 1865, p. 2, c. 3: "The Effect of the War."
Wonders when the laboring classes will open their eyes to the fact that their current economic straits are the result of oppressive Republican policies.

Valley Spirit, April 5, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "Victory."
Celebrates reports of the Union victory in and occupation of Richmond.

Valley Spirit, April 5, 1865, p. 2, c. 7 "Glorious News!"
Prints official government dispatches reporting on the occupation and evacuation of Richmond.

Franklin Repository, April 5, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "Richmond Has Fallen!"
Describes the surrender of Richmond.

Franklin Repository, April 5, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "The Niagara Peace Effort."
Details the correspondence between Horace Greeley and Abraham Lincoln which began last July. Greeley urged Lincoln to discuss a peaceful end of the war with rebel citizens in Canada. The correspondence occurred during a time of Union defeats, high casualties, and financial instability.

Franklin Repository, April 5, 1865, p. 2, c. 6: "The Niagara Peace Negotiations."
Reprints Horace Greeley's initial letter to Lincoln, in which he gave a "plan of adjustment" that includes abolishing slavery with compensation.

Valley Spirit, April 12, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "Surrender of Lee."
Celebrates the end of the war and applauds the fact that the end was agreed to solely on the common ground of restoring peace.

Valley Spirit, April 19, 1865, p. 3, c. 1: "The Murder of the President."
Describes a solemn reaction in Chambersburg to the news that President Lincoln had been assassinated.

Valley Spirit, April 26, 1865, p. 1, c. 4: "The War Over--What Then?"
Predicts that the Republican party is feeling a loss now that the war is over and it no longer can use the military to impose its power on the people.

Valley Spirit, April 26, 1865, p. 1, c. 4: "Religion and the Government."
Criticizes the president's decision to allow Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, an outspoken abolitionist, to speak at the raising of the United States flag over Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

Valley Spirit, April 26, 1865, p. 2, c. 1: "The New Era."
Argues that the nation will be in good hands with President Johnson--a Southerner himself--directing the reconstruction.