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 Articles Indexed by TopicAugusta County : PoliticsConfederate Politics | Local/County/State Politics | Northern Politics Note: When you select an article from the list below you will be taken to the appropriate page of the newspaper. You may need to scroll down in order to find the particular article you are interested in reading. |
The Spectator, May 28, 1861, p. 2, c. 7:
"For the Spectator: The Union Party of Virginia."
Claims that the Union party is not dead,
but has been forced to accept secession by a President insensitive to the needs of the South.
The Spectator, October 22, 1861, p. 1, c. 2:
"The Approaching Elections."
Urges the citizens to turn out and vote to show that
the South is united in the cause of the Confederacy.
The Spectator, March 11, 1862, p. 1, c. 4:
"For the Spectator."
Writer warns that the Confederacy must get men into the
battlefield. He complains that the army has been very slow to get men into fighting position, a
delay that may prove fatal to Augusta and the surroundings counties. He also calls on the
authorities to stop the consumption of liquor, which is vital for the South to be
victorious.
The Spectator, March 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 2:
"Intemperance."
Praises efforts to remove alcohol from the Confederate forces and suggests
only temperate men be appointed as officers or elected as officials.
The Spectator, March 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 4:
"William Whitmore, Esq."
Letter from Bolivar Christian explaining his opposition to
the anti-distillation bill. Christian opposes the bill in its present
form, but he is not against an anti-distillation bill per se. The
current bill, he contends, will do unfair damage to those currently
engaged in legal distillation.
The Spectator, March 25, 1862, p. 1, c. 2:
"Martial Law."
Reports that many citizens have petitioned the President to declare martial
law in Augusta so that disloyal citizens can be arrested and the sale of liquor halted. The article
thinks this would be a rash act.
The Spectator, November 4, 1862, p. 2, c. 2:
"Confederate Notes."
Predicts that if the Confederate government is recognized by European
nations, the value of Confederate currency will increase greatly. Reasons that if this happens, the
distrust of individuals in Confederate money will be proven to have been unfounded.
Staunton Spectator, December 2, 1862, p. 2, c. 3:
"What Virginia has Suffered."
Reprints part of the speech made by Georgia Congressman A.
B. Kenan in favor of conscription in his home state. Kenan made his speech in response to the
Georgia governor, who had "interposed some obstacles to the enforcement of the Conscription
act." Kenan argued that the people of Virginia have sacrificed more than their fair share for the
Confederate cause and that Georgians should therefore do their part in helping fight the war.
Staunton Spectator, December 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 3:
"Important Proclamation."
Calls attention to Gov. Letcher's proclamation that orders civil
authorities to aid the military authorities in enforcing the conscript law. The law requires civil
authorities to secure supplies for the army and slave labor for the public defense. The article
praises Virginia for the cooperation it has give thus far to the Confederate government.
The Spectator, March 3, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Exemption Bill."
Outlines the provisions of the new exemption bill.
The Spectator, March 17, 1863, p. 1, c. 7:
"Correspondence of the Spectator."
Letter condemns Confederate violations of personal
liberty with regard to property, including the anti-distillation bill and the
proposed Tobacco Bill.
The Spectator, June 16, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"The Confederate Currency."
Describes the new economic measures enacted by the Secretary
of the Treasury to insure a viable currency.
The Spectator, October 13, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Our Finances."
A long and thorough discussion of the state of the Confederate currency,
with special emphasis on the need to institute governmental regulations to control the monetary
supply.
The Spectator, October 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Suppression of Gambling."
The bill to suppress gambling has been passed by the legislature
and, henceforth, offenders will risk flogging.
The Spectator, October 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 5:
"Our Finances."
A long and detailed discussion of the current state of the Southern economy
with special emphasis on the repercussions of a possible repudiation of debt at the conclusion of
the war. This possibility is strenuously rejected by the author since it would benefit those
unpatriotic citizens who have invested their capital in real estate rather than face the possible
depreciation of the Confederate currency.
The Spectator, October 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 6:
"Watch Them."
Asserts that "the very men who are asking the highest prices, and making the
largest fortunes, will be the first of all to call for a repudiation of the public debt. Why? Because
they have taken good care not to invest in Confederate funds, but in real property of all
kinds."
The Spectator, October 27, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Exorbitant Prices."
The Spectator criticizes the government's policy of impressment, which
has the unintended effect of repressing production. The paper believes that this policy has caused
prices to rise rapidly.
The Spectator, October 27, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Legislative Tinkering."
The Spectator disparages the idea of the legislature attempting to
regulate prices. Rather than pursing this wrongheaded approach to lowering elevated prices, the
paper urges the legislature to reduce the amount of currency in circulation which, it is believed, is
the real reason for the inflation of prices. A "P. S." added at the end of the column adds that after
the article was set in type, the paper was notified that the legislature had defeated the proposal to
regulate prices by a large majority.
The Spectator, November 17, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Financial Relief with a Vengeance."
Vehemently rejects an economic plan supported by the
Richmond Whig. The author argues that this plan, if carried to fruition "would leave the currency
for a long time to come, in its present lamentable condition, and bring ruin on the whole
people."
The Spectator, November 24, 1863, p. 1, c. 6:
"A Stir Among the Unnaturalized."
The author urges Congress to begin conscripting
unnaturalized white residents of the South. It is, according to this article, "intolerable that, while
our relatives of every degree are subjected to the dangers and privations of the field, a set of men,
who are amongst us for the purpose of feathering their own nest, no matter at what cost to the
Confederacy, should shirk service on the plea that they are aliens."
The Spectator, November 24, 1863, p. 1, c. 6:
"Government Whiskey."
Estimates that Virginia produces roughly five million gallons of
whiskey per year. The author questions the need for such levels of production.
The Spectator, December 8, 1863, p. 2, c. 5:
"For the Spectator."
"Enquirer" writes of his concern about the government's practice of
impressing farmers' produce. He offers the alternative of selling surplus stocks of whiskey and
brandy and using the income generated to pay for the upkeep of destitute soldiers and their
families.
The Spectator, December 15, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Recommendations of the Secretary of War."
In a synopsis of the Secretary of War's recent
report, the paper notes his commitment to the end of substitution and a reduction of exemptions
to bolster the armed forces. It is also reported that he acknowledges that the recent campaign in
Mississippi was a disaster, and will be calling a Court of Enquiry to determine the cause of these
setbacks. The Secretary's remarks concluded with a powerful appeal for the populace to continue
the struggle in the certainty that their determined endurance will convince the North of the futility
of their efforts.
The Spectator, December 15, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"The President's Message."
A synopsis of President Davis's message touches upon his
concerns with the financial situation facing the Confederacy. He expresses his willingness to sign
any law the legislature presents to him as long as it distributes the burden "uniformly and
impartially on the whole property of the people." His other major concern is protecting the
integrity of the army, which he believes requires the repeal of substitution and a tightening up of
the policy of exemptions.
The Spectator, December 22, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"'There is little doubt . . .'"
Notes that the legislature is likely to adopt a measure conscripting
all foreigners residing in the Confederate States into the armed services. The probability that many
will choose to leave the country rather than enter the army doesn't bother the author at all.
The Spectator, January 26, 1864, p. 2, c. 1:
"An Important Question."
States that the recent ban on distilling whiskey in Virginia has
raised questions about the relationship of state and national authority in the Confederacy.
The Spectator, March 1, 1864, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Substitute Question."
Describes the recent court decision by a Richmond judge that
supports the Confederate Government's right to void substitution contracts when the army needs
the service of all men.
The Vindicator, March 4, 1864, p. 2, c. 1:
"Confederate Money."
The editor complains that prices have increased recently for no good
reason. Many sellers have claimed that the recently revalued Confederate currency has forced
them into adopting higher prices. However, the editor argues that their logic is flawed.
The Vindicator, August 26, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Convention of
all the States."
The editor contends that a proposed meetings of delegates from all former
states in the United States for the purpose of working towards peace would be fruitless and that
any such meeting, to have any effect, would have to convene within the Confederacy.
The Vindicator, November 18, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "The
President's Message."
The editor comments on President Davis's message, the text of which
was published in the previous week's issue, and the encouraging report it contains. Most areas in
the Confederacy taken by the enemy have been recovered, or at least the enemy's hold has
weakened, finances are more stable, and the arming of African Americans is not necessary at
present.
The Vindicator, January 27, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"Cotton and Tobacco."
A resolution passed the Confederate House for the government to
buy all the tobacco and cotton produced in the states. The resolution has met with approval from
everyone except those who have made their fortunes on cotton and tobacco. The editor notes
that the Confederacy should have bought all that had been produced since the beginning of the
war and that a measure such as this that would do as much good for the nation should meet with
universal approval. The editor quotes the Honorable J. B. Baldwin, representative from the
district, in support of the resolution.
The Vindicator, February 3, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"Commissioners to Washington."
President Davis has appointed A. H. Stephens, vice
president of the Confederate States, R. M. T. Hunter, senator, and Judge Campbell, formerly
assistant secretary of war and formerly a justice on the United States Supreme Court, as
commissioners to Washington to confer with similar authorities in the United States on the subject
of peace. They are on their way to Washington now. The editor is pleased that the two hostile
governments will make this effort to end the war but cautions readers not to get their hopes too
high that peace is imminent.
The Vindicator, February 10, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Peace Bubble Exploded."
The editor reports that the commissioners who traveled to
the North to discuss peace met with immediate rejection from President Lincoln, who said he
would agree to nothing less than the South's unconditional surrender. The editor posits that the
idea of a quick peace other than through a Southern victory is now gone forever. As a result, the
South will become even more united and determined to succeed.
The Vindicator, February 24, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"Tax Bill."
A summary of new proposals for taxes, drawn up by a special committee with one
member from each state, reveals that the new system would take one-fifth of agricultural
products, rather than the current one-tenth, and would use half of that to feed the army. The new
system would double property and business tax. The intention of the new system would be to cut
government expenses, to decrease prices, to pay the army well, and eventually to replace the
"hopelessly depreciated" currency with a good currency.
The Vindicator, June 7, 1861, p. 1 , c. 2:
"Condition of the N.W. Border."
The Vindicator agrees with those who opposed a popular
vote on the ordinance of secession last February. The recent vote has provided Lincoln with a
sense of where Union supporters live. He has used this information to move troops into the
northwestern corner of the state.
The Spectator, October 1, 1861, p. 1, c. 1:
"Candidate for Congress."
The Spectator announces that Col. Baldwin will be a candidate
for Congress despite his present command, which he will
resign if elected. The Spectator lends its entire support to the
candidacy of Col. Baldwin. The item also announces the candidacy of
Col. Kenton Harper.
The Spectator, October 15, 1861, p. 1, c. 1:
"'Veritas' versus Baldwin."
Calls attention to a letter elsewhere in the issue that
attacks Baldwin for being a Hamiltonian. The writer alleges that
Baldwin is too positioned both militarily and economically to
represent the people. The Spectator defends Baldwin against this
attack.
The Spectator, October 15, 1861, p. 1, c. 6:
"This Congressional District."
Letter accuses John Baldwin of having Union sympathies due
to his cautious approach to secession before the war. Article accuses
Baldwin of being a Hamiltonian on governmental matters. The writer
endorses Kenton Harper for Congress.
The Spectator, October 15, 1861, p. 1, c. 5:
"For the Spectator."
Writer defends Baldwin from charges of being an anti-States
Rights man.
The Spectator, October 22, 1861, p. 1, c. 5:
"For the Spectator."
William Frazier of Rockbridge declines the nomination to run
for Congress. In his letter, he urges those who do run to stand on a
platform of military offense and urges that preparations be made to
attack the North.
The Spectator, November 19, 1861, p. 1, c. 1:
"The Confederate War Tax."
Reports some dismay that the war tax
is being collected by the Confederate Government rather than by the
state.
The Spectator, February 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 2:
"The Army Bill."
Reports that the Virginia legislature has "passed a law which preserves the
present organization of the army and provides for its immediate increase."
The Spectator, March 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 1:
"Returns of Election."
Table reports election returns regarding the ratification of
the amended constitution. The vote turnout was very small, which the Spectator says "was to be
expected under the circumstances of the times in which it was taken." Augusta residents voted
428 to 174 in favor of ratification.
The Spectator, March 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 4:
"William Whitmore, Esq."
Letter from Bolivar Christian explaining his opposition to
the anti-distillation bill. Christian opposes the bill in its present
form, but he is not against an anti-distillation bill per se. The
current bill, he contends, will do unfair damage to those currently
engaged in legal distillation.
The Spectator, April 8, 1862, p. 1, c. 7:
"Law and Order Ticket."
Proposes a ticket of candidates nominated by "a number of the
citizens of Staunton" to run in the mayoral and town council elections. The citizens recommend
W. G. Sherrett for mayor.
Staunton Spectator, December 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 3:
"Important Proclamation."
Calls attention to Gov. Letcher's proclamation that orders civil
authorities to aid the military authorities in enforcing the conscript law. The law requires civil
authorities to secure supplies for the army and slave labor for the public defense. The article
praises Virginia for the cooperation it has give thus far to the Confederate government.
The Spectator, February 3, 1863, p. 2, c. 5:
"Mr. A. H. H. Stuart."
The Richmond Whig raises questions about Harman's alleged
unethical conduct as quartermaster.
The Vindicator, February 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Valedictory."
Yost reports that he sold the Vindicator to Lynn, expresses warmth towards
and appreciation of the people of Augusta and surrounding counties, and asks for support for the
new editor.
The Vindicator, February 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Salutatory."
The new editor greets his readers, pledges to discharge faithfully "the varied
duties thus voluntarily assumed," promises to promote the causes of the Confederacy and
particularly the "rights of the Sovereign State of Virginia," and offers praise for his predecessor's
performance as editor. Lynn observes that the unity of the new nation should not be disturbed by
reviving old party issues, issues that were settled temporarily by withdrawing from the old Union,
and that "advocacy of past doctrines" would be harmful. In expressing opinions, the editor will be
frank and bold, but not improper or acrimonious and not unmindful of the soldiers, their families,
and their plight.
The Vindicator, March 20, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"An Old Man of Experience."
The editor of the Vindicator chides the editor of the Spectator
for his silence on positions "of vital importance" and for his criticism of the Vindicator for what
amounted to a proofreading error.
The Spectator, March 24, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"An Old Man of Experience."
The Spectator attacks the Vindicator over political
questions.
The Vindicator, March 27, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Our Neighbor."
The editor chastises the editor of the Spectator for criticisms of the
Vindicator. The editor of the Spectator had accused the editor of the Vindicator of silence on
issues such as war bonds and impressment and had faulted him for his positions on reunification
and northwestern Virginia. The editor of the Vindicator responds to each of these criticisms.
The Vindicator, April 3, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"For the Vindicator."
This writer complains of debris in public places, unclean streets and
gutters, defective water works, mismanaged gas works, extortion and speculation, selling of
alcohol without a license, and inefficient police.
The Spectator, April 28, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"'Tenth Legion" and "Augusta.'"
The Spectator takes exception to letters written to the
Register and the Vindicator endorsing Gov. Letcher for Congress.
The Vindicator, May 1, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Congressional Election."
The Vindicator's editor criticizes the Spectator's editor for
denouncing anyone who opposes Baldwin. The Spectator endorsed Col. Baldwin for
representative and claimed that any who are against him have axes to grind. The editor of the
Vindicator argues that these people have the freedom of choice and do not necessarily have
anything against Baldwin. The editor of the Vindicator hopes the campaign will be between two
worthy candidates rather than two political parties.
The Spectator, May 5, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Result of Slanders."
Bemoans the fact that unfounded rumors about Col.
Baldwin have circulated through the ranks of the military, even among
Augusta troops.
The Spectator, May 5, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Axe-Grinders."
Item says that those who oppose Baldwin, such as the editor of
the Vindicator, are motivated by old party prejudices--former
Democrat vs. former Whig--that should have been buried by the unity
required by the war.
The Spectator, May 12, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"Questions Answered."
John Baldwin responds to questions directed at him in the pages of
the Vindicator.
The Vindicator, May 22, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Still Dodging."
The Vindicator's editor calls for the Spectator's editor to explain why he
criticized Governor Letcher's campaign for Congress and belittled those who supported his
candidacy. The Vindicator does not fault the Spectator's endorsement but rather calls for a fair
comparison between the two candidates. Further, the Vindicator's editor points out his rival's
capacity for dodging and for switching positions in response to public opinion. For example, the
Vindicator contends, the Spectator lagged behind in supporting the Southern cause two years
before but now acts as if it sounded the clarion call on its behalf.
The Vindicator, May 22, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"The Governor's Election."
The writer proposes a ticket of General William Smith for
Governor and General J. D. Imboden for Lieutenant Governor. This ticket would reverse the
current administration, which has a governor from the western part of the state and a lieutenant
governor from the eastern part. In addition, it would be a ticket able to "meet the emergency of
the crisis" and would unite the political parties, since one candidate had been a Democrat and the
other a Whig.
The Spectator, May 26, 1863, p. 2 , c. 1:
"A CARD."
The Spectator questions Col. Harman's gift of a captured
silver set given to his wife. The editor recounts a conversation he had
with Col. Harman where Harman criticized the Spectator for bringing
this to public notice. The argument ended in Col. Harman beating Mr.
Mauzy senseless, breaking his arm.
The Vindicator, May 29, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"A Correction."
The editor of the Vindicator states that editor R. Mauzy of the Spectator
wrote unfair and incorrect information concerning accusations against Colonel Harman in an
effort to place the candidate in an unfavorable light. The editor of the Vindicator seeks to correct
the wrong information.
The Spectator, June 2, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Another "Youthful Indiscretion.'"
The Spectator continues its battle with the Vindicator
over the actions of Col. A.W. Harman. Harman reportedly gave his wife a silver set that had been
captured.
The Spectator, June 2, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"State Elections."
The official results are not yet available, but it appears that Smith has won
election as governor and Price as lieutenant-governor. Augusta overwhelmingly supported
Flournoy for governor.
The Spectator, June 2, 1863, p. 2. c. 2:
"Rockingham and Augusta."
Points out that Rockingham and Augusta voted together in an
election for the first time in memory.
The Vindicator, June 5, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"A Card."
Asher W. Harman writes that his name has been maligned around Staunton for
more than two years and most recently in print by Richard Mauzy, editor of the Spectator.
Harman insists that he has served his country cheerfully and would never plunder private property
or appropriate it for his private use.
The Spectator, June 9, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Prediction Verified."
Happily reports the re-election of John Baldwin.
The Spectator, June 16, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Cry is "Still They Come.'"
Lauds the receipt of eight new subscriptions by former
members of the Democratic party, submitted in a republican spirit of patriotism above party.
The Spectator, June 23, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"'A Soldier"--His Absurd Charges."
Part of a continuing debate between a reader who
attacked the Spectator for having "less than true public spirit" in an earlier edition of the
Vindicator.
The Spectator, June 30, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"[From the Vindicator.]"
A long and detailed rebuttal to the charges leveled by A Soldier in
an earlier letter. The gist of A Soldier's complaint is that the editor of the Spectator fled his
responsibilities in the face of the approaching enemy. This the editor fiercely denies in a long and
often ad hominem attack on his accuser, who the editor believes is somehow related to Col. Asher
Harman.
The Spectator, July 7, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"One Axe Already Ground."
More of a continuing diatribe against the Editor of the
Vindicator.
The Spectator, July 14, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Colonel A. W. Harman vs. Wm. H. H. Lynn"
Publishes the proceedings of the Court of
Inquiry in the case of Col. A. W. Harman, who has been accused of giving his wife a silver set
that had been seized as contraband.
The Vindicator, July 17, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Sumner the Second."
The editor of the Vindicator responds to charges from the editor of
the Spectator regarding the former's relationship to and support of Colonel A. W. Harman.
The Vindicator, August 7, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"'Will the Town Council . . .'"
Frequent complaints compel the editor to implore the mayor
and town council to enforce the ordinance against riding on the sidewalks and to call upon the
police to ticket such violators. Poor drainage on Beverly Street near the residence of W. B.
Crawford, Esquire, causes such a backup in wet weather that riders come up on the sidewalk
instead of wading through the water.
The Vindicator, August 21, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"A Word to Our Friends."
This issue of the Vindicator ends the first six months of
publication under the new
owner and editor. The editor expresses appreciation to the readers and subscribers and declares
the venture "a decided success." He reports that most old subscribers continued their
subscriptions and that nearly two hundred new people have subscribed. The editor pledges to
continue to "pursue the even tenor of our way."
The Spectator, September 8, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Relief of the Poor."
Describes the suffering of the South's poor and criticizes those who
"grind the faces of the poor" in pursuit of profits. The article recommends the enactment of a tax
on the wealthy that will provide for the maintenance of the poor in their midst. There is an
additional post script that announces that the Town Council has enacted the desired measure.
The Vindicator, September 11, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"General Assembly."
The editor discusses the issues before the special meeting of the
General Assembly, specifically the need for volunteer citizens groups to defend their areas in light
of the new federal strategy of raids and the need for a better financial system.
The Spectator, September 22, 1863, p. 7:
"In Council for the Town of Staunton."
The Mayor of Staunton presented a petition signed
by Robert Bickle and ninety-two others that asked the town to pass an ordinance that would
double taxes on Staunton residents in order to raise a fund to provide food and supplies for the
families of soldiers.
The Spectator, September 29, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"Public Speaking."
Details the various resolutions agreed to at a recent meeting of the people
of Augusta County. These resolutions include pledges to send a tenth of their produce to the
government, as required by law; to sell their surplus goods at the prices established by the
government; to discontinue the sale of goods to speculators and grain to distillers; to discourage
deserters and help authorities to apprehend any deserters; to invest in Confederate bonds; and to
avoid disillusionment in the war effort.
The Spectator, October 20, 1863, p. 1, c. 7:
"For the Spectator."
Complains of the abysmal condition of the infrastructure in Augusta.
The writer particularly notes two bridges, one near the Lunatic Hospital and one over the railroad
near Hugh McClure's, that pose hazards to public safety.
The Spectator, November 3, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Legislature."
A caustic appraisal of the accomplishments of the latest extra session of
the legislature called by Governor Letcher.
The Spectator, November 10, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Legislature--Good Bills."
While an earlier article argued that the previous legislative
session hadn't passed any bills of importance, this article asserts that in fact three worthwhile bills
were passed. These include measures to provide for the support of the indigent families of
servicemen; the outlawing of gambling; and a measure to prohibit the production of spirituous and
malt liquors. The bulk of the article is a defense of the last measure against charges that it
represents an unconstitutional measure violating the prohibition against any law "impairing the
obligation of contracts."
The Spectator, December 1, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"For the Spectator."
Despite the actions of the legislature to protect sheep from dogs and
slaughter for food, a "Shivering Soldier" alleges that several hundred sheep in Staunton have been
killed for food or by dogs.
The Spectator, December 15, 1863, p. 2, c. 5:
"Gov. Letcher's Message."
The governor addresses a number of issues in his latest address.
These include his concerns about extortioners; lukewarm support for ending the policy of
substitution; increased emphasis on the development of Home Guard units; a call for some fiscal
sanity; and payment to the populace for slaves requisitioned by the government.
The Vindicator, July 22, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Schedule of
Prices."
The recently published schedule of prices as established by the Board of
Commissioners for Virginia for July and August is dissatisfactory to everyone because of the huge
increases, some of which are as great as 500 percent. The editor calls upon the commissioners to
reassemble immediately and redo the price lists.
The Vindicator, July 29, 1864, p. 2, c. 2: "Schedule of
Prices."
The editor hopes that the Board of Commissioners for Virginia will review the prices
established recently and adopt instead a schedule of prices that is fair to all parties.
The Vindicator, July 29, 1864, p. 2, c. 3: "Public
Meeting."
Citizens and farmers of Augusta County met at the courthouse recently to register
their protest against the schedule of prices adopted by the Board of Commissioners of Virginia.
The group called upon the President of the Confederate States of America to reconvene the
Commissioners as soon as possible to set aside "their extravagant schedule." The schedule in its
current form will benefit a few large proprietors but will hurt other people and will depreciate
Confederate money, thereby causing all Southerners to suffer.
The Spectator, October 1, 1861, p. 1, c. 4:
"What Lincoln is Doing in Northwestern Va."
Reports that Lincoln has set up a pro-Union
government and a U.S. District Court in Northwestern Virginia.
The Spectator, January 27, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Signs of Peace--Speaking out in the North"
Predicts that Northern opposition to the war
will continue to increase and will eventually bring about Lincoln's downfall.
The Spectator, February 3, 1863, p. 2 , c. 2:
"Encouraging Signs."
Alleges that the tide of the war is turning in favor of
the South because the Northern public has become disillusioned with the war.
The Spectator, February 10, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Yankees and Negroes."
Reports that the U.S. Congress has passed a bill to
allow the arming of 150,000 black soldiers.
The Spectator, February 10, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Prospects of Peace."
Item predicts that the war will be ended by June 1 based on
perceived dissatisfaction in the North.
The Spectator, February 17, 1863, p. 2 , c. 1:
"Interesting News from the Northwest."
Item alleges that the states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
and Kentucky are meeting in concert to propose terms of peace and commerce
with the Confederate states that border the Mississippi.
The Vindicator, February 20, 1863, p. 1, c. 1:
"'We copy from the Richmond Enquirer . . .'"
A Union soldier in the Army of the Potomac
perceives that his government is more interested in helping African Americans than in doing what
it takes to win the war. He resents government attention to African Americans while so many
white men are dying in battle and so many of their families are suffering.
The Spectator, February 24, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Northern Despotism."
Compares the Yankee government to czarist Russia in
its degree of despotism.
The Spectator, March 3, 1863, p. 1, c. 5:
"The Hopelessness of the North in this War."
Alleges that the North is growing tired and
disillusioned with the war effort.
The Vindicator, March 6, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Conscription in the North."
This editorial cites new conscription efforts in the North that
may raise the number of troops to one million. This number should not intimidate the Southern
troops, however, which already "have had to meet great odds in every conflict."
The Spectator, March 10, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Lincoln's Conscript Bill."
Reports the passage of the Northern conscript bill. The
Spectator marks this as another example of the decent into tyranny by
the Lincoln administration.
The Spectator, April 7, 1863, p. 1, c. 7:
"Divide and Conquer."
The Spectator is glad that the Enquirer has modified its language on
the subject of the "pacific manifestations in the North West, and the policy of employing
diplomatic and moral means to further the development of that spirit, and to detach that section
from the Yankee States, proper."
The Spectator, April 7, 1863, p. 2 , c. 5:
"The Issue at the North."
The Augusta (Ga.) Constitutionalist claims that the choice of the
Lincoln administration realizes that it must conquer the South. If it is unsuccessful, than the
North is likely to suffer a revolution.
The Vindicator, May 1, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Northern and Local News."
The editor has learned that two editors from Cecil and St.
Mary's counties in Maryland are in Staunton, having been driven away because of their comments
"on the usurpations of the Northern Dictator." The editor notes the irony of the situation--the
men were driven from the land where life, liberty, and freedom of speech were guaranteed its
citizens. The editors from Maryland initially believed that the North was conducting its war in
"the style generally adopted by Christian Nations" but have since seen enough to know that it was
acting barbarically. The editor reports several incidents in the Valley that prove the Yankees are
savage and uncivilized.
The Spectator, June 2, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Northern Peace Party."
Reports that peace supporters in New York are "making inglorious
efforts at this time to bring the war to a close" and are attempting to launch a new peace
party.
The Vindicator, June 19, 1863, p. 1, c. 4:
"The Recent Tremendous Democratic Meeting."
Thirty thousand men gathered in New York
City recently to register their opposition to the Lincoln administration. Democratic political
leaders were absent, but the rank and file agreed that the administration was a failure and called
for an end to the war.
The Spectator, June 23, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Progress of Discontent."
Sees in Vallandigham's nomination for Governor of Ohio signs
of increasing war weariness amongst Northerners.
The Spectator, June 30, 1863, p. 1, c. 5:
"Yankee Testimony on the Negro Question."
Details from a statement by Judge Brien of
Nashville on the supposed inability of the
African-American population to behave in a manner consistent with whites' ideas of morality and
probity.
The Spectator, July 7, 1863, p. 1, c. 7:
"The Peace Sentiment in the North."
The Richmond Dispatch advises commentators in the
South to avoid criticism of the Northern Democrats' motivation for opposing the war.
The Spectator, July 7, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"The Ohio Democracy."
Continuing coverage of the travails of Vallandigham, this time
focusing on the comments of Senator Pugh of Ohio, the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant
Governor. He called on his listeners "not to disperse or go home until you have demanded of
Abraham Lincoln the restoration of the person you have nominated for Governor,...and if we fail,
let us immigrate to some other country where we may be free."
The Spectator, July 21, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"Resistance to the Draft in New York City."
Describes the draft riots in New York and sees
these events as the beginning of widespread social and political turmoil in the North.
The Spectator, July 28, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"The New York Riot."
Recounts the aftermath of the New York riots. Authorities initially
promised to suspend the draft in New York City and Brooklyn, but they subsequently retracted
that order. The article predicts further uprisings and enumerates the casualties as follows:
"Negroes, killed and wounded, 150; policemen, 32; men, women, and children, 35;--total
218."
The Vindicator, July 31, 1863, p. 1, c. 5:
"The Draft in Pennsylvania--A Mob of Women at Lancaste[r]."
A group of between
one-hundred and two-hundred women entered a court house in Pennsylvania, overturned the draft
wheel, and then were joined by a large group of men. The situation threatened to turn into a riot
until the mayor read the riot act and the sheriff enrolled a posse of two-hundred men. Frederick
Douglass was scheduled to speak to African-American men, but a crowd of Germans and Irish
surrounded the hall where he was to speak, and he did not come.
The Spectator, August 4, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"Soldiers, the Great Desideratum."
Calls for increased enlistment in the war effort. The
author declares it is "idle to talk of peace" until the enemy tires of war. Furthermore, the reporter
interprets the North's refusal to negotiate with Vice President Stephens as confirmation of the
North's unwillingness to enter into serious peace negotiations.
The Spectator, August 18, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"Draft in New York."
Discusses the political impact of the Anti-Draft riots in New York and
predicts that any attempt to reinstate the draft in New York will have dire repercussions.
The Spectator, August 18, 1863, p. 1, c. 6:
"Retaliation."
A recent proclamation from President Lincoln establishes new guidelines to
help guarantee black troops the same treatment as prisoners of war that whites receive from
their Southern captors. This goal is to be accomplished by subjecting Confederate prisoners to the
same treatment meted out to black troops.
The Spectator, August 18, 1863, p. 2, c. 5:
"Negro Troops."
Advocates a policy of killing black Union soldiers and their white officers
immediately after these soldiers are captured.
The Spectator, September 8, 1863, p. 1, c. 7:
"Yankee Concern for the Negroes."
Reports on the dismal state of African-Americans
behind the Union lines in the western theatre of the war. The article seeks to document a lack of
concern for their well-being on the part of the Northern forces.
The Spectator, August 25, 1863, p. 1, c. 6:
"'A Cincinnati paper says . . .'"
Discusses the results from the recent gubernatorial election in
Ohio. The article also details the fact that two or three Democratic papers that previously
supported Mr. Vallandigham have deserted him.
The Vindicator, October 9, 1863, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Hope of the North."
The editor copies an excerpt from the New York Times, which he
calls "that out-and-out abolition sheet," on the number of African-American troops in the Union
army and then launches into a long discussion of how and why the North has to force slaves into
service. The editor notes that twenty million white people in the North cannot subjugate the
South, but the North nevertheless believes that additional African-American troops will make a
difference.
The Spectator, October 20, 1863, p. 1, c. 7:
"The Negro and the Yankee."
Based on reports in two Northern papers, it appears that the
army will be increasingly forced to rely on substitutes and African Americans to maintain troop
strength.
The Spectator, November 3, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Lincoln's Call for Troops."
Discusses Lincoln's new system to raise 300,000 men by
providing a combination of conscription and cash bonuses. The author sees this tactic as further
proof of the failure of the North to subjugate the South. The writer believes that the requested
number of enlistees will prove inadequate to carry out the North's war plans and "the whole world
will understand that his attempt at subjugation is a hopeless abortion."
The Spectator, December 22, 1863, p. 1, c. 6:
"Lincoln's Proclamation."
A recent proclamation by President Lincoln establishes the criteria
by which individuals and states can re-enter the Union.
The Vindicator, January 22, 1864, p. 2, c. 2:
"No Compromise with the Rebels."
This editorial discusses two issues before the United
States Congress--negotiations between the Confederacy and the United States and a proposal to
raise a large number of additional troops to defeat the Confederacy more quickly.
The Spectator, March 1, 1864, p. 2, c. 3:
"The Yankee Congress."
Provides an update on legislation being considered by the U.S.
Congress regarding the military enlistment of African Americans and the use of substitutes in the
army.
The Spectator, March 29, 1864, p. 1, c. 5:
"Lincoln's War Unpopular."
Highlights reports in Northern newspapers that suggest the war
is unpopular in the North.
The Spectator, April 12, 1864, p. 1, c. 6:
"Miscegenation--What It Means--Remarkable Confession Of A Republican Journal."
Excerpts Northern editorial expressing alarm that the Republican party might go so
far as to permit miscegenation.
The Vindicator, July 15, 1864, p. 1, c. 6: "The Nigger
Question in the Yankee Congress."
The United States House of Representatives and Senate
recently revisited the issue of opening the slave trade, according to this article, which relates the
positions of senators from a variety of states.
The Vindicator, July 29, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Lincoln's Late
Call."
The editor comments on Lincoln's latest call for a half million more soldiers to enlist in
Northern armies within fifty days or else face the draft. The editor states that such tactics no
longer scare the South, in light of the fact that the North initially supposed that a few of its
soldiers would subjugate the South in a matter of days. The war has lasted long enough by this
point to demonstrate that the South will not easily be subjugated and long enough so that even
Massachusetts, where war support has been strong, is having to look to Southern African
Americans to fill its quota in this latest call of Lincoln. The editor believes that the South will
stand strong in the face of the North's increased forces.
The Vindicator, August 26, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Convention of
all the States."
The editor contends that a proposed meetings of delegates from all former
states in the United States for the purpose of working towards peace would be fruitless and that
any such meeting, to have any effect, would have to convene within the Confederacy.
The Vindicator, September 2, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Chicago
Convention."
The editor comments on the Democratic Convention being held in Chicago and
notes that the extent of Northern sentiment for peace and for states' rights will be evident in the
outcome of the meeting.
The Vindicator, September 9, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Chicago
Nominees."
The editor reports the slate of candidates nominated at the recent Democratic
convention held in Chicago and waits anxiously to see their letters of acceptance in order to
determine their true sentiments towards working for peace. The candidates are General George
B. McClellan for President and George H. Pendleton for Vice President. McClellan is thought
not to have been fully behind the Northern cause even while in command of the Union army, and
Pendleton, Southern born, is said by the Northern press to be among the most extreme of the
Copperheads.
The Vindicator, September 9, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Democratic
Platform."
The editor joins some of his contemporaries in concluding that the platform
adopted at the recent Democratic convention in Chicago is open-ended, awaiting outcome of war
developments in the months ahead. If war developments favor the North, then the platform will
be able to be interpreted as pro-war and the candidates will support the platform as such. If
developments favor the South, however, then the platform will be interpreted as favoring peace.
The editor hopes Confederate forces will dominate so that Northerners will be forced to support a
peace platform.
The Vindicator, September 23, 1864, p. 1, c. 5: "The Peace
Democracy Dissatisfied with McClellan."
McClellan's letter of acceptance as nominee for
President from the Democratic Party indicates the General's belief that the Union must be
preserved at any cost and thus makes him an unacceptable candidate for Northerners working for
peace.
The Vindicator, November 4, 1864, p. 2, c. 1: "Must Have a
Success."
The editor comments that Pennsylvania will vote Democratic in next Tuesday's
Presidential election and that Maryland has failed to adopt an abolition constitution, thereby
dimming Lincoln's prospects for reelection. Lincoln has employed a number of tactics to increase
his support, but all have failed. What he needs is a military victory, which explains Grant's attack
on Lee in Virginia. The editor warns that the days leading to the election could hold more such
attacks as the North seeks a military victory that will boost Lincoln's chances.
The Vindicator, November 18, 1864, p. 2, c. 2: "Election of
Lincoln."
The editor reports that exchanges from Northern papers announce the reelection of
Lincoln as president. This means, the editor believes, that the barbarism and outrages will
continue for another four years. The ravages of the Valley will pale in comparison with what will
follow, and the South must now be prepared for a longer war than anticipated.
The Vindicator, December 16, 1864, p. 2, c. 2: "Message of
Abraham Lincoln."
The editor reports that the lack of space prevents the publication of the
text of a message of Abraham Lincoln. However, he writes that readers are spared a waste of
their time, as the speech contains nothing worth perusing. The editor refutes several of Lincoln's
points, such as the President's claim that Sherman's movements were among the most remarkable
military operations of the year. To this claim, the editor notes that Sherman will be lucky to
escape from his present position. Lincoln invited the South to lay down its arms but, the editor
claims, offered no incentives or negotiations.
