Assessments of the War Situation
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 5:
"Union Feeling."
Describes a town assembly where between 1,800 and 2,000 Chambersburg
residents
raised a large union flag, heard "The Star Spangled Banner" sung, and listened to a number of
patriotic speeches.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 19, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"Town Meeting."
Reports on a town meeting held to honor the members of the Chambers
Artillery
before they left town. The meeting adopted a number of resolutions denouncing the traitors of
the South and offering their full support to cause for Union.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 10, 1861, p. 2, c. 2:
"Southern Errors."
Points out that the South made the mistake of thinking that the North
would be divided against itself when the South seceded.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 14, 1861, p. 2, c. 2:
"Let Us Finish It."
Argues that disunion and slavery have infected the United States long
enough. Asserts that war is the only way to "eradicate" this "disease" from the nation, and that it
must be done.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 14, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"Honorable Warfare."
Denounces Southern sympathizers for conducting an underhanded and
dishonorable
brand of warfare. The poisoning of Union soldiers constitutes a particularly despicable tactic.
The editor entreats Northern soldiers to "let our warfare upon the Rebellion in their midst be
characterized by humanity and magnanimity as our cause is by justice and fidelity."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 17, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Slavery Question."
Editor comments that the North should simply concentrate at this
point on preserving their own liberties by fighting to sustain the Union. The slavery question
should be secondary.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 17, 1861, p. 2, c. 2:
"One Thing at a Time."
Reprints an editorial from the New York Tribune stating that there is
disagreement
over whether the war is to be a war to end slavery. The editor believes that declaring the war for
Union a war to end slavery would alienate many Union supporters at the North. On the other
hand, it is impossible to guarantee that the war will not affect slavery, since no one can foresee
how the slaveholders themselves will act.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 21, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Work of God."
Expresses agreement with Forney's Press that God has helped to inspire
patriotism and enthusiasm for the Union cause among Northerners. Comments on the surprising
and uncommon "love of country" that has "burst so suddenly" upon Northern men and
women.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 11, 1861, p. 2, c. 2:
"Letter from Philadelphia."
Describes for the benefit of the Semi-Weekly Dispatch the
situation in Philadelphia from the point of view of a soldier. Remarks on the strong military spirit
among the regiments and the deep feelings of antagonism toward the South "among all
classes."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 14, 1861, p. 1, c. 5:
"How They Deceive the People."
Letter in which a minister recounts that those in his
congregation in western Virginia have been led to believe that the North would allow them to "be
given into the hands of the negroes, and that there would be a general slaughter."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 18, 1861, p. 1, c. 4:
"The Causes of Secession."
Proposes that secession was caused by the economic
discrepancies between a prosperous North and a poverty-stricken South.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 18, 1861, p. 1, c. 5:
"Buchananism Useful."
Points out that the "rebels" at the South have been preparing for war
for the past thirty years by accumulating arms and forts within their borders. Now that they are
well-equipped, the Bulletin asserts, Southerners "have a fair chance to show what they can
do."
Valley Spirit, June 26, 1861, p. 1, c. 4: "'Treason to Favor
Peace!'"
The Spirit reprints opposing articles in the Mercury and Journal. The Mercury
criticizes the "little knot of traitors in this city" who have begun holding peace meetings. These
provide aid to the enemy. The Journal castigates the Mercury for calling peace advocates
"traitors" and states that the right to peaceably assemble and fight government tyranny is in no
way traitorous.
Valley Spirit, June 26, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "What Can be Done
for the Country."
The Spirit is "warmly in favor of adjusting our troubles by other means than
the sword."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 2, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Mutterings of Trouble."
Urges that the North must not compromise with perpetrators
of "Treason and Rebellion," but must fight to the end so that justice is done and "Universal
Freedom" is secured.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 16, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Chivalry Returning Home!"
The Dispatch scoffs at members of two South Carolina
regiments who returned home after their enlistment expired. The editor remarks that South
Carolinians, largely responsible for starting the war, should not abandon "their friends."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 19, 1861, p. 2, c. 3:
"Are the Rebels Cowards?"
Disputes the idea that rebel soldiers are cowardly, even though
they have run on a number of occasions when faced with the Union troops in battle. The Bulletin
argues that a substantial number of Southern soldiers have been impressed or have enlisted for
fear of sustaining injury if they did not, and therefore what seems cowardice may simply be their
hidden loyalty to the Union.
Valley Spirit, July 24, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Rally for the
Union."
Vows that the defeat at Manassas has not conquered the North and promises that
"the masses are ready by thousands and tens of thousands to rally and fill up the broken and
diminished ranks of the army." Encourages Pennsylvania to rally to the Union cause.
Valley Spirit, July 24, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Let the Democracy
Stand by the Flag."
Says that the Democrats with a clear conscience participate in the fight to
save the Union, but it is only for the Union's sake that they should fight, having no interest in
abolition and no other common interest with the Republicans.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 26, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"Major General Patterson."
The Dispatch questions the wisdom, the bravery, and the loyalty
of General Patterson for failing to cut off the lines of communication between General Johnson
and General Beauregard at Manassas Junction.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 26, 1861, p. 2, c, 2
"Gen. Patterson's Column."
Notes changes in the organization of General Patterson's
Column, which has been taken over by Major General Banks.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, July 26, 1861, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Sabbath."
Criticizes the Union army for attacking the enemy at Bull Run on a
Sunday.
Valley Spirit, July 27, 1861, p. 2, c. 4: "The Administration
and the War."
Criticizes the Lincoln administration, which has thus far proven itself "not
competent to conduct this war." The Spirit claims that even Republican papers recognize the
incompetence of the administration.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Barbarities of the South."
Warns that if Southern soldiers continue to perpetrate acts of
"brutality," Northern soldiers will have no choice than to put into effect a "system of retaliation"
that "may more than equal their acts of atrocity."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 9, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"Infamous Outrage."
Reports the flogging of three men and a woman traveling to the
Northern states from the South.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 27, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"Bull Run--A Victory in Vain."
Asserts that the Confederates have won a hollow victory at
Bull Run. Notes that their position is even more difficult than it had been before the battle.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 17, 1861, p. 1, c. 5:
"Drunken Women."
Reprints part of a story from the New Orleans True Delta stating the
opinion that there have been more drunken women in New Orleans at present "than we have ever
known them to be before." The Dispatch argues that it is secession that causes women, and men,
to "become morally rotten."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 24, 1861, p. 2, c. 2:
"Panic in the Seceded States."
Reports, based on information in the Philadelphia Press, that
plans by the federal government to seize posts on the Southern coasts has caused a general panic
among the people in the seceded states.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 1, 1861, p. 2, c. 3:
"What Are We Waiting For?"
Offers answers to those people who ask what the government
is waiting for to unleash its military forces.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 18, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"Our Government."
Points out that the United States, in existence for eighty-five years has
become one of the most profitable and greatest nations in the world. Argues that if the
government compromises with the "thieving, perjured rebels" of the South, it would allow the
strength of the nation to crumble. Asserts that the Union must be maintained at any cost.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 22, 1861, p. 4, c. 1:
"Six Months Ago."
Summarizes all that has taken place since Fort Sumter fell into the hands
of the South six months previous.
Valley Spirit, October 30, 1861, p. 4, c. 4: "The
Position."
Argues that the present war is one of the most important in history because of its
sheer size and because of the issues involved.
Valley Spirit, November 20, 1861, p. 4, c. 2:
"Our Time Coming."
Reports that the Spirit and all Democrats are vindicated
by the fact that their dire warnings about the difficulties of war have come
to pass.
Valley Spirit, December 11, 1861, p. 4, c. 1:
"What Are We Fighting For?"
Asserts that abolitionists and contract seekers wish
to prolong the war.
Valley Spirit, January 8, 1862, p. 4, c. 1: "The Imbeciles."
Editorial arguing that the Lincoln administration has consistently bungled the prosecution of the
war. Because of its incompetence and its preoccupation with abolitionism, the Lincoln
administration has alienated potential allies in foreign countries and sympathizers in the border
states and the south. The article also cites an article in the Philadelphia Daily News, a Republican
paper, questioning the military competence of the administration.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 10, 1862, p. 1, c. 5:
"A Deserved Retribution."
Argues that South Carolinians deserve the "state of fearful
suspense" that the approach of the federal army from the coast has created. Also chronicles other
aspects of the situation in South Carolina that must be distressing to its people.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 10, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"Why the Delay?"
Expresses confidence in General McClellan, but argues that the people and
soldiers at the North are anxious for a "forward movement of the army."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 10, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"A Peep at the Rebel Army."
Reprints part of an article from the Richmond Examiner
indicating that Southerners conscripted into the army are paying as much as fifteen hundred
dollars to hire a substitute and that men are looking for any sort of way out of their service in the
army. The Dispatch points out that an army of men who have been forced to fight cannot
possibly defeat an army of volunteers such as the North has.
Valley Spirit, January 22, 1862, p. 1, c. 1: "The Mission of the
Democratic Party."
Emphasizes the patriotic sentiments of Northern Democrats who do not
wish to join "Union" parties with Republicans. Northern Democrats, it argues, have a sounder,
"conservative" understanding of the Constitution and Republican attempts to "abolitionize" the
war fly in the face of the Constitution.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, January 24, 1862, p. 1, c. 5:
"A Virginia Snow Storm."
A letter from Fortress Monroe reports the first snow storm of the
season in Virginia. Expresses the hope that the snow from the North that has descended on
Virginia will portend the conquering of the state and the South by the North.
Valley Spirit, January 29, 1862, p. 1, c. 3: "Victory or
Defeat."
Argues that, with the war nearly a year old, there does not appear to be a speedy
solution in sight. However, the author warns, the war will be much longer and deadlier if it is
prosecuted on the terms of abolitionists, which require emancipation and, in the eyes of this
author, a complete surrender of the rights of the state. A more conservative goal would be
allowing the South to admit the futility of its cause and working toward a quick reunion.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, February 21, 1862, p. 2, c. 2:
"'Let Us Be Consistent.'"
Disputes the Valley Spirit's claim that the country was prosperous
and at peace when the Republicans took office by arguing that Lincoln was forced to wage war
against the seceded states because James Buchanan did not put a halt to secession during his
administration.
Valley Spirit, March 5, 1862, p. 1, c. 6: "The State of the
Case."
Proclaims that the mission of the Democratic Party during the war is to end the
rebellion as soon as possible while keeping taxes as light as possible, as well as bringing Northern
industrial interests back to health and preserving the Constitution.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 7, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"Somebody Is Lying."
Questions whether the Valley Spirit or William Yancey is telling the
truth. The Valley Spirit has argued that the "Abolitionist Party"--the Republicans--drove the
South out of the Union, while Yancey has written that the South does not fight to preserve
slavery in the face of the abolitionist tendencies of President Lincoln, who they admit guaranteed
that slavery would be preserved under his government, but to protect their political power.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 25, 1862, p. 1, c. 5:
"Rebel Outrages."
Lists the kind of "outrages" that it alleges Southern troops to have
committed and notes that these outrages indicate the unjustness of the rebellion.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 25, 1862, p. 3, c. 1:
"The Contrast."
Prints an excerpt from a letter that was written by a man from Philadelphia
who recently returned from a visit to Kentucky and describes the suffering that the people are
experiencing there.
Valley Spirit, March 26, 1862, p. 1, c. 4: "Senator Cowan's
Speech against Confiscation."
Reprints the speech of Pennsylvania Senator Cowan, which
compares the proposed policy of confiscation of Confederate property to a bill of attainder.
Cowan claims the policy is unconstitutional and will further serve to alienate potential allies in the
South.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 15, 1862, p. 2, c. 5:
"The Rebel Outrages on our Dead."
Notes that the testimony being collected by the
Committee on the Conduct of the War confirms the "rebel outrages" that were perpetrated on
Union soldiers, dead and alive, at Bull Run.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 15, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Work of a Year."
Looks back on the past year and applauds the rapidity with which
Northern men joined the cause to preserve the Union. Also defends General McClellan against
his critics who have charged that he moves too slowly.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 18, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"'Justice' to the 'New Fire.'"
Chronicles the hardship--or measure of "justice"--that each
state that seceded has suffered at the hands of federal troops.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 29, 1862, p. 3, c. 3:
"Rejoicing."
Notes that the national flag was raised in the public square and bells were rung
when the news was received that Union forces had taken New Orleans and Fort Jackson.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, April 29, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"'A happy state . . .'"
Speculates that in many portions of the South, Southerners are not
aware of the Union victories that have occurred because of "misrepresentation" of these victories
by "the rebel leaders."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 2, 1862, p. 3, c. 2:
"The Rebel Outrages at Manassas."
Prints several excerpts from the report made by the
Committee on the Conduct of the War that give examples of the "rebel outrages" that were
perpetrated at Manassas.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 6, 1862, p. 1, c. 4:
"Rebel Barbarities."
Publishes the findings of the Committee on the Conduct of the War in
their investigation of the "barbarous treatment by the Rebels" of the dead and dying officers of the
United States army following the battle at Manassas.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 6, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Barbarism of Slavery."
Echoes the opinion of "Occasional," the Washington
correspondent of the Philadelphia Press, who questions whether a rebellion that has committed
the unspeakable and degrading acts that the Southern soldiers committed at Manassas deserves
the respect or the sympathy of the people of the Northern states.
Valley Spirit, June 18, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Arrival From Dixie."
About four hundred Confederate prisoners passed through
Chambersburg last Sunday
on a special train, headed for Camp Curtain near Harrisburg. The editors note that they were
ill-clad and looked "unsoldierly," and take this as evidence that the Confederate cause was nearly
"played out." Many people from the community talked with the prisoners, and generally found
them polite but deluded about the chances the South had in the war.
Valley Spirit, July 30, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"Stand Together."
The editors urge all loyal men in the Union to follow the example of the
border states
in joining together in fidelity to the national compact. They entreat Union men to resist the
injunctions of the "radical majority" in Congress to make the war into a "atrocious and bloody
programme" of abolition. It is no time for party, the editors say, but all men must unite against
abolitionist fanatics like General Fremont, Sumner, Lovejoy, and the New York
Tribune.
Valley Spirit, October 1, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"The President's Proclamation."
The editors express their deep disappointment with Lincoln's
Emancipation
Proclamation. They had hoped that he would ignore the advice of radicals, and they had praised
every evidence of his conservative tendencies. Now, however, the editors see that Lincoln has
thrown his lot in with the radicals. The Proclamation will have little practical effect, they note,
except to alienate Unionist Southerners as well as slaveholders in the border states.
Valley Spirit, November 5, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"The Restoration of the Union."
Celebrates the recent Democratic electoral triumphs in the
border states and argues
that it sends a welcome sign to Southern Unionists. They must now, say the editors, rise up and
dispose of Jefferson Davis, while the North breaks the Confederacy's military power. Abolitionism
has made the chances of reunion less likely, and President Lincoln should heed the warning and
see that if he does not change his policies, the "days of our country as a united nation are
numbered."
Valley Spirit, January 7, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Emancipation Proclamation."
The editors note the issuance of the Emancipation
Proclamation. While they do not comment on it extensively, the editors observe that Lincoln's
proclamation will have little effect but to prolong the war and exacerbate the conflict.
Valley Spirit, March 4, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"A Change of Policy."
The editors quote from recent speeches in the British Parliament that
observe that under Lincoln's present policy the American Union will never be
reconstructed. The editors heartily agree with that sentiment and argue that the administration
has deviated from the initial war goals. Instead of preservation of the Constitution and restoration
of the Union, the editors argue, the Republicans have shifted the war goals to more radical
measures. However, the President can still change course, the editors argue, by refusing to use the
confiscation bill, by revoking the emancipation proclamation and stopping black enlistment, by
purging his Cabinet, and by restoring the original purposes to the war.
Valley Spirit, April 1, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"'What of the Night?'"
The editors note several indicators of the increasing weakness of the
Confederacy and the increasing strength of the Union. The conservative element might yet save
the country, the editors conclude.
Franklin Repository, July 29, 1863, p. 1, c. 1:
"Inside of Rebeldom."
Reprints and comments on articles from several Confederate or
Confederate-sympathizing newspapers. All the papers complained of the terrible prospects for the
Confederate army.
Franklin Repository, August 12, 1863, p. 4, c. 2:
"Gloom in Rebeldom."
Reprints quotes from various Confederate newspapers predicting the
inevitable doom of their cause and the despondency of the troops.
Franklin Repository, September 23, 1863, p. 4, c. 1:
"Value of Government to the Poor."
Argues that the civil war benefits both the wealthy
propertied class and the laboring class. The slave owner and the slave labor force threatens the
means of living of laborers.
Franklin Repository, October 14, 1863, p. 4, c. 1:
"Despair in Rebeldom."
Reprints excerpts from Confederate newspapers, which express
despair and warnings of economic crises in the South.
Franklin Repository, November 4, 1863, p. 4, c. 4:
"'The Spirit, in an appeal . . .'"
Criticizes the Spirit for defaming "the gallant Army of
the Potomac for the purpose of throwing the cloud of despair over loyal hearts."
Franklin Repository, January 6, 1864, p. 4, c. 1:
"The Lessons of a Year."
A reflection on the progress of the war against "Treason,"
concluding with the rhetorical question, "Who would erase from our triumphs, and their rich fruits
in National Freedom and Progress, one jot or tittle if he could?"
Franklin Repository, January 27, 1864, p. 1, c. 1:
"Rebel Views of the Situation."
The author includes excerpts from several Southern papers
that express the "most intelligent views of the situation from a rebel standpoint," namely, that
attempts to increase the size of the rebel armies through a general conscription will result in
starvation. Taking more men off the land will only increase the tremendous food and supply
shortages the southern armies and civilian population are experiencing.
Valley Spirit, March 16, 1864, p. 1, c. 4:
"The Rebellion Must Be Put Down--But What Then?"
Suggests that there is no good
outcome to follow the present war, and asks readers to
support a return to the old Union.
Franklin Repository, March 16, 1864, p. 8, c. 2:
"Strike the Balance."
The article from the Baltimore American expresses intense
anger about the war, and blames slavery for high taxes and the death and suffering of many
people: "We, that pay the tax, have a right to ask Slavery to unburthen us of the enormous debts
it has saddled upon us. We, whose dead children lie on the fields of Shiloh and Gettysburg, may
well say to Slavery--Give us back the lives of our loved ones."
Franklin Repository, April 6, 1864, p. 4, c. 6:
"Difficulties of a Campaign in Virginia."
Reprints an article describing the difficulties of a
campaign, including the inconvenient geography, the placement of base camp, and the position of
the army.
Valley Spirit, July 6, 1864, p. 4, c.1:
"Deceiving the People."
Accuses the Republican party of spreading falsehoods and generally
deceiving the people into thinking that the North will win the war easily.
Franklin Repository, September 14, 1864, p. 3, c. 2:
"'On Wednesday last . . .'"
Reports that Chambersburg celebrated the victories at Atlanta
and Mobile by ringing the two remaining church bells at the German Reformed and the Lutheran
churches.
Valley Spirit, September 28, 1864, p. 2, c.1:
"Peace And Union."
Argues that peace cannot come through the total submission of the
Southern people. Suggests instead that a compromise similar to the Crittenden plan of 1861
would be more likely to guarantee peace.
Franklin Repository, November 23, 1864, p. 2, c. 1:
"Letter from Washington."
A. K. McClure writes of his high expectations for Abraham
Lincoln's handling of the war and prospects for peace. Notes Sherman's move toward the coast
and suggests that he will contribute many of his troops to Grant's efforts to capture
Richmond.
Franklin Repository, January 4, 1865, p. 2, c. 2:
"Review of the Year."
A review of army activity and victory: Sherman and the capture of
Savannah; Thomas in Tennessee; Admiral Porter in Wilmington, N. C.; the general weak state of
the Confederate lawyer.
Franklin Repository, January 25, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Prospect of Peace."
Discusses the possibilities for peace. The author believes that the
condition of the Confederate army and Union successes in the southwest, Wilmington, and
Charleston makes peace most "favorably entertained." The article also includes mention of Blair's
recent visit to Richmond to discuss peace with Jefferson Davis.
Franklin Repository, February 1, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Signs of the Times."
Predicts the end of the war. The strength of the Union forces and
the weakness of the Confederate forces bode well for the Union. The author believes Union
victory so inevitable that "to doubt of success, is sheer blindness or what is worse, treason."
Franklin Repository, February 8, 1865, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Temper of the North."
Describes the "temper of the North" as forgiving toward the
South despite the bloodshed caused by the Confederacy.
Franklin Repository, February 22, 1865, p. 2, c. 4:
"Progress of the War."
Relates the signs of the Confederacy's dissolution reported in the
Raleigh Progress.
Valley Spirit, March 22, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"What Have We Gained?"
Suggests that Republicans are making a big deal over rumored
military successes that
may not be true. Notes with disgust that any Democrat who doubts these rumors is branded a
traitor.
Valley Spirit, March 29, 1865, p. 2, c. 1:
"Impending Battle."
Argues that the suppression of the rebellion depends on a successful
conclusion to the impending battle between Lee's and Grant's armies.
Franklin Repository, April 5, 1865, p. 3, c. 1:
"The Cheering News.
Details Chambersburg's celebration of the news of the capture of
Richmond.
Valley Spirit, April 12, 1865, p. 3, c. 1:
"Rejoicing."
Describes the joyous scene in Chambersburg when news of the South's
surrender reached the town.
Valley Spirit, April 26, 1865, p. 3, c. 1:
"Funeral of the Late President."
Describes Chambersburg's solemn observance of Lincoln's
death.
Camps in Franklin
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 10, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"Life in Camp."
Reports that in Camp Slifer, many of the men have complained that the
bread is of
poor quality and that the portions of bread are small. The editor urges that soldiers should be well
cared for, especially as regards to food.
Valley Spirit, May 15, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "A Row."
A few
drunken soldiers created a row at Brand's Hotel on Sunday night. When Mr. Brand asked them to
leave, he received a blow in the head.
Valley Spirit, May 15, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Considerate."
Mr. Adam Reineman, formerly a Chambersburg resident, sent twenty casks of Pittsburgh Beer to
the soldiers at "Camp Slifer." To show their gratitude, the soldiers "resolved to return the casks
on the next train empty."
Valley Spirit, June 1, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Death Among the
Soldiers."
Three soldiers died in Chambersburg of camp fever.
Valley Spirit, June 12, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Something
Wrong."
On Tuesday a number of companies from "Camp Chambers" rushed into town to
procure food. They complained of the scarcity of provision and the poor quality of the food in
camp. The Spirit intends to stand up for the rights of the volunteers and vows to expose any
corruption in the procurement procedure if the conditions are not improved.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 14, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"List of Troops."
Lists regiments that are encamped in and around Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, June 26, 1861, p. 2, c. 5: "Telegraph
Complete."
The army telegraph line from Chambersburg to Hagerstown has been
completed.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 28, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"Death of Another Soldier."
Reports the death of a German soldier from Pittsburgh, Charles
Sitzler of the Third Regiment. Sitzler died of typhoid fever in the house of Mr. F. Deatrich of
Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, September 24, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Military."
The editors observe that the area around Chambersburg has taken on the
appearance of a "vast military camp" in the past few weeks.
Valley Spirit, February 24, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Cavalry Camp."
A cavalry camp has been established four miles west of Chambersburg on
the
Pittsburgh turnpike, where new cavalry recruits will be sent for drill. At present, the 20th and 21st
regiments are in camp, the former having arrived from Harrisburg and the latter having been
recruited principally in Franklin County. General Stahle is to take command of the
camp.
Civilian Prisoners of War
Valley Spirit, July 31, 1861, p. 2, c. 3: "J. Allison
Eyster."
Reports that Eyster is a prisoner of the rebels in Virginia, having been captured
while on business in Winchester.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 9, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"Still Prisoners."
Reports that Mr. J. Allison Eyster of Chambersburg and several gentlemen
from Waynesboro continue to be held prisoner, now at Richmond.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 1, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"J. Allison Eyster, Esq., Released."
Reports that J. Allison Eyster was released from prison in
Richmond, where he was being held by the rebels under suspicion of being a spy, and returned
home the previous Saturday.
Valley Spirit, February 18, 1863, p. 2, c. 5:
"Our Citizens In Richmond."
A letter from Perry A. Rice, imprisoned in Richmond, states
that they are in tolerably good health. They have been moved from Libby Prison to another in
Richmond, and it is rumored that they will be moved further south.
Valley Spirit, March 25, 1863, p. 3, c. 2:
"Death of P.A. Rice, Esq."
P. A. Rice, Esq., of Mercersburg, who was taken prisoner during
the Confederate raid last fall, died in Libby Prison in Richmond. Rice was a private citizen who
held no political office, and his death in prison was particularly cruel and unjust.
Franklin Repository, July 15, 1863, p. 8, c. 2:
"Caught in the Rebel Lines."
Mentions that several citizens were caught in the rebel lines last
week around Hagerstown. Most hid in Hagerstown or escaped, but Dr. Jas, Hamilton, J. P.
Culbertson, J. Porter Brown, Charles Kinsler, Allen C. McGrath, Thomas McDowell, Geo. A.
Kaufman, and Geo. S. Heck are reported as prisoners across the Potomac.
Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 8, c. 2:
"Our Citizen Prisoners."
Reports the capture and transportation to Richmond of Dr. James
Hamilton, Adam B. Hamilton, J. P. Culbertson, D. M. Eiker, George R. Caufman, Chas. W.
Kinsler, George S. Heck, A. C. McGrath, Thomas McDowell, Martin Hoover, James Anderson,
James King, William Mong, J. Porter Brown, Rev. Charles Steck, and William Kitzmiller. Rev.
Steck avoided arrest and Kitzmiller escaped. Kitzmiller reported that only two rations were given
during the entire week (although "loyal ladies" secretly provided more) and that Martin Hoover
suffered from an illness.
Franklin Repository, July 29, 1863, p. 8, c. 3:
"Returned from the Rebels."
Reports the Confederates discharge of Hoover, Anderson,
Mong, King, and A. B. Hamilton in Falling Waters the previous Wednesday. The Confederates
captured the five men in Hagerstown. The men confirmed the scarcity of rations among rebel
prisoners and the general destitution of the rebel army. The Repository believes that the rebels
transported Dr. James Hamilton, John P. Culbertson, D. M. Eiker, George R. Caufman, C. W.
Knisler, George S. Heck, A. C. McGrath, Thomas McDowell, and J. Porter Brown to
Richmond.
Franklin Repository, October 14, 1863, p. 4, c. 3:
"Our Citizen Prisoners."
Prints a letter to Capt. Brown from T. V. Moore, formerly of
Greencastle and presently of Richmond, who writes of Franklin County prisoners held in
Richmond.
Franklin Repository, April 27, 1864, p. 5, c. 1:
"Letter from Rebeldom."
Prints a letter from T. V. Moore to J. M. Brown expressing
confidence in Hamilton and Culbertson's imminent release.
Franklin Women
Valley Spirit, May 15, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Our Ladies."
Announces that local women will meet and form a soldiers' aid society.
Valley Spirit, May 18, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Flag
Presentation."
Reports that the women of Chambersburg presented a flag to the 7th
Regiment.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 4, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"A Card."
Offers praise from Company H of the Third Regiment for the generosity of the
women of Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, July 3, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "'Infanticide.'"
Mary Starlipper, an employee of Fisher's Hotel, gave birth to a child and concealed it in a bucket.
She claimed it was still-born, but the medical examiner found that the child was born alive. She
will be arrested and taken to prison.
Valley Spirit, September 4, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Education of
Females."
Asserts that education for females is worthless unless it serves them in the
domestic sphere. To this end, the writer emphasizes physical fitness for women.
Valley Spirit, September 4, 1861, p. 5, c. 1: "Horrible."
A
woman named Caroline Toms is to be arrested for fornication and bastardy and the concealing the
birth of a child by leaving it in a privy. The child was determined to have been still born.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, October 15, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"The Benefits of Economy."
Suggests that wearing a bonnet for many years not only
indicates frugality on the part of the woman wearing it, but also reveals her strength of
character.
Valley Spirit, November 27, 1861, p. 2, c. 4:
"Where Are We Drifting?"
Bemoans recent crimes in Franklin County, including the
theft of some hams by a "contraband" and a rash of shoplifting by women.
Valley Spirit, December 18, 1861, p. 5, c. 2:
"True Patriotism."
Asserts that, despite what the Chambersburg Times may
write, the people of Franklin are patriotically supporting the Union
cause as evidenced by the ladies of the German Reformed Church and
their charity activities.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, December 31, 1861, p. 3, c. 4:
"A Rebel Letter."
A letter found on a soldier from the 10th Alabama written by the soldier's
mother, Sarah Gover. In it, she discusses the hardships of the Southern homefront.
Valley Spirit, February 26, 1862, p. 5, c. 2: "Infanticide."
A Chambersburg girl is accused of depositing her newborn child in a privy.
Valley Spirit, July 30, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Our Patriotic Ladies."
The Ladies Aid Society, working out of the Associate Reformed
Church, has been
occupied with the "noble, patriotic and christian" task of providing clothing and other goods for
sick soldiers. The editors praise them highly, and argue that the ladies of Chambersburg will
compare favorably to those of any other community.
Franklin Repository, September 30, 1863, p. 1, c. 2:
"A Word to Women."
The editors urge women to influence their men to vote for the Union
ticket.
Franklin Repository, October 28, 1863, p. 1, c. 3:
"Report of the Ladies' Aid Society of Chambersburg."
Presents a report of the Ladies' Aid
Society of Chambersburg. They filled boxes with foodstuffs, bedding, and clothing sent to
Gettysburg to aid the thousands of citizens there who were devastated by the battle.
Franklin Repository, January 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 4:
"Gossip With Our Friends."
The author addresses the ladies of Chambersburg, telling them
that if Chambersburg had a fancy restaurant and bar, their "male appendages" would be far less
likely to go to the cities on "necessary business."
Valley Spirit, May 4, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Communicated."
Encourages women of Franklin County to get involved in the work of the
Christian Commission.
Valley Spirit, June 22, 1864, p. 4, c. 6:
"The Ladies' Fair."
Reports on the recent Ladies' Fair held at Franklin Hall for the benefit of
the Christian Commission.
Valley Spirit, July 6, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"An Item For the Ladies."
Calls some of the latest women's fashions "scandalously
wasteful."
Valley Spirit, July 27, 1864, p. 1, c. 2:
"Training Boys."
Encourages mothers to cultivate the "soft" side of their sons by showing
them flowers and walking with them through the fields.
Valley Spirit, November 16, 1864, p. 3, c. 2:
"Found Dead--Probable Murder."
Reports that Mrs. Snoke, wife of William Snoke, a
prisoner in Richmond, was found dead last Wednesday morning, a victim of poisoning. The
poison was found to be intended to produce an abortion, and Dr. S. D. Kell of Orrstown was later
arrested and charged with the crime. Article complains that his $5,000 bail is "insufficient."
Home Defense
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 28, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"Lying Telegrams"
Reprints a telegram reported to have been sent from Chambersburg,
expressing fear
among the people of Chambersburg that an invasion from Virginia would occur. Reports that
General Williams at the military headquarters in Chambersburg declared that the telegram was a
"fabrication" and was "highly indignant" at the author and at the press for having published it.
The editor goes on to state that Chambersburg is fully prepared should an attack occur and that
"the people feel perfectly secure from any invasion on the part of the Virginia
Secessionists."
Valley Spirit, July 30, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Franklin County."
Notes that war meetings have already occurred across the county for
the purpose of encouraging recruits. The editors argue that if enlistment is delayed, the war
may well be carried into Franklin County.
Valley Spirit, September 24, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"To our Readers."
The editors explain the absence of an issue last week was due to the
general call for
preparedness in case of a Confederate invasion of the town.
Valley Spirit, September 24, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Alarm And Excitement."
Two weeks before, the town of Chambersburg was rife with
rumors of an enemy
invasion, and the community was alarmed at the "prospect of having the rebel hordes in our
midst." Business was suspended, and martial law was declared. It was particularly intense on
Thursday, Friday, and Saturday of the week before last, but on Sunday came word that the
Confederates were withdrawing their pickets from the state line. Large bodies of men from the
northern, eastern, and western parts of the state, responding to the call of the Governor, poured
into town and advanced to meet the enemy. Luckily, "McClellan whipped Lee on the South
Mountain between Middletown and Boonsboro' on Sunday," which precipitated the Confederate
evacuation of Hagerstown and took the pressure off of Franklin County.
Valley Spirit, October 1, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"The Invasion."
The editors report that all the militia companies have returned home and
things are returning to normal. Several hundred wounded soldiers remain in three hospitals in the
area.
Valley Spirit, October 8, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Unreasonable Complaints."
The editors note that recent complaints of inhospitality on the
part of Chambersburg
residents to the Pennsylvania militia are entirely unfounded. The citizens of the town went out of
their way to accommodate the troops, and it can't be expected that they could have provided for
all 30,000 when the state authorities had responsibility for their provision. The editors also note
that, while the militia came with the charge to protect property, they actually ended up destroying
quite a lot.
Valley Spirit, October 15, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"The Rebel Raid."
A short article reporting the Confederate raid into Mercersburg last
Friday, the
surrender of the town, and the burning of several buildings by the Confederates. The editors claim
to be too busy getting the paper out to give an extended account of the raid.
Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 4, c. 2:
"The Harrisburg Telegraph."
The editors rebut attacks by the Harrisburg
Telegraph that they intentionally downplayed the Confederate raid into Franklin County
for partisan purposes.
Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 5, c. 4:
"' A great deal has been said . . . '"
The editors attack an article in the Philadelphia
Inquirer that alleged that the residents of Chambersburg were too afraid to fight the
enemy, despite a store of armaments in town. The editors say it would have been madness to fight
and wonder where the Inquirer got its information.
Valley Spirit, October 29, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"The Drafted Militia."
The editors praise the quality of the recently drafted soldiers from
Franklin County and claim that they are of even higher quality than the volunteers from the area.
They editors believe the draftees will most likely be stationed within Pennsylvania, and they ask
for a detail to be placed in Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, November 5, 1862, p. 1, c. 3:
"The Invasion of Pennsylvania."
A reprint of correspondence between Robert E. Lee and
J.E.B. Stuart from
mid-October, 1862 concerning Stuart's cavalry raids into Pennsylvania, including the action in
Greencastle, Mercersburg and Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, April 29, 1863, p. 3, c. 2:
"The Militia."
A report on the reduction of the pay of the militia by the Pennsylvania state
Senate.
Valley Spirit, July 8, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"Apology."
The editors apologize for the interruption of publication due to the recent
Confederate raids.
Valley Spirit, July 8, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Rebel Invasion."
A detailed description of the Confederate occupations of
Chambersburg, including the losses sustained by the citizens of Chambersburg.
Franklin Repository, July 8, 1863, p. 1, c. 1:
"Invasion of Pennsylvania!"
The Repository provides a detailed account of the Confederate
invasion and occupation of Chambersburg, which began on June 17. It reports that Jenkins
prevented much damage, but "robbed" stores (paying with "bogus money"--Confederate scrip) of
most goods. His men took whatever arms and horses were found in the town as contraband of
war. Many horses and most of the black population had escaped to the mountains.
Franklin Repository, July 8, 1863, p. 5, c. 1:
"The Invasion!"
Provides a lengthy report of the rebel army's invasion of Chambersburg,
before (starting on June 22) and after (the evening of July 3) the battle at Gettysburg.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 2, c. 1:
"What is Franklin County Doing?"
The editors call for a reorganization of the 126th
Regiment to defend the town from future attacks.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 2, c. 4:
"A Card."
District Attorney W. S. Stenger writes to deny reports in the Lancaster Express
that he had tried to shake hands with the Confederate commander Jenkins during the raid, only to
be rebuffed by Jenkins. He also goes on to defend Franklin County Democrats of charges of
welcoming the Confederates.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 3, c. 1:
"The Situation."
The editors report on the movement of troops, both Confederate and Union,
through Franklin County in the aftermath of Gettysburg. Several cavalry engagements took place
in the vicinity of Funkstown and Boonsboro. Union commanders are now stationed in
Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 3, c. 1:
"Riot."
The editors note that some of the militia from New York who came to defend
Franklin County have been behaving badly. Their actions included an assault on Captain Doebler
on the grounds that he was a coward, which extended into a general melee.
Franklin Repository, July 15, 1863, p. 1, c.1
"The Invasion."
The editors reprint orders from Gen. Lee regarding the proper conduct
required of his soldiers and the proper treatment of civilians. The article includes a list of
prosecuted soldiers and numerous reports of abuses committed by the soldiers--including the
burning of Thaddeus Stevens's Iron Works and the murder of Mr. Strite.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 3, c. 1:
"The Situation."
The editors report on the movement of troops, both Confederate and Union,
through Franklin County in the aftermath of Gettysburg. Several cavalry engagements took place
in the vicinity of Funkstown and Boonsboro. Union commanders are now stationed in
Chambersburg.
Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 8, c. 1:
" Border Defence."
Notes that although the rebel forces have retreated, Chambersburg could
be subject to cavalry raids. Consequently, the editors urge the organization of three to five
cavalry companies to protect the county and borders.
Franklin Repository, September 16, 1863, p. 4, c. 5:
"How to Prevent Raids."
Suggests the formation of local military companies to prevent raids
on Franklin County.
Franklin Repository, October 14, 1863, p. 1, c. 1:
"Lee's Invasion."
Summarizes Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, including the occupation of
Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, January 6, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"A Rebel Raid."
There are rumors that General Early is contemplating a raid up the Valley of
Virginia, though the editors do not put much stock in it.
Valley Spirit, July 6, 1864, p. 5, c.1:
"Rebel Invasion."
Discusses the alarm that resulted from indications that Confederate troops
were moving down the Valley.
Valley Spirit, July 13, 1864, p. 4, c.1:
"The Situation--Call For Troops."
Sounds alarm about the advancement of Confederate
troops toward Washington. Urges all men--including critics of the Lincoln administration--to
volunteer for service to beat back the rebel troops.
Valley Spirit, July 13, 1864, p. 5, c.1:
"The Rebel Invasion."
Describes the confusion in town that has greeted the news of rebel
troops advancing toward Greencastle.
Valley Spirit, July 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 5:
"Why Is Pennsylvania Unprepared."
The Inquirer, a Republican newspaper, blames "venal
and corrupt men" in Harrisburg for failing to take any action to protect the state from another
rebel invasion.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 1, c.1:
"Burning of Chambersburg."
Narrates the events surrounding the burning of Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 1, c. 6:
"A Citizen To The New York Herald."
Prints letter written by a Chambersburg resident to
the New York Herald that counters that newspaper's "scurrilous" comments about the town's
present suffering.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 1, c. 7:
"Why Chambersburg Was Burned."
Prints comments from General Early in which he defends
his "disagreeable duty" of ordering the burning of Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c. 4:
"The Cause."
Blames the Lincoln administration for the burning of Chambersburg since it
called for the retreat of General Sheridan's troops just when they were to fight General Early's
men.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Fate of the Chambersburg Relief Bill."
Provides an account of the Pennsylvania
legislature's consideration of a relief bill for Chambersburg. Explains how Republicans are
responsible for reducing the relief from a proposed one million dollars to just one hundred
thousand dollars.
Hospitals
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 24, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"'The Soldiers' Hospital . . .'"
Reports that the Soldiers' Hospital was moved the previous
day from the Mansion
House to the town hall. The article comments that this move would provide patients with better
ventilation and thus was a good move.
Valley Spirit, June 11, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"A Good Move."
Reports that a meeting of citizens was held at the Court House on May 27
to devise a means of taking care of the sick and wounded soldiers passing through town.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 28, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"Death of Another Soldier."
Reports the death of a German soldier from Pittsburgh, Charles
Sitzler of the Third Regiment. Sitzler died of typhoid fever in the house of Mr. F. Deatrich of
Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, September 24, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Sick And Wounded Soldiers."
The second and third floors of the Franklin Hall are being
used as a hospital. Several
hundred sick and wounded soldiers are being brought from the battlefield, and "everything that
can be done by skillful physicians and a humane community is being done to render them more
comfortable."
Valley Spirit, October 1, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"The Invasion."
The editors report that all the militia companies have returned home and
things are returning to normal. Several hundred wounded soldiers remain in three hospitals in the
area.
Valley Spirit, November 12, 1862, p. 5, c. 2:
"The 'Row.'"
The editor of the Transcript mistakenly blamed the surgeons in charge
of the military
hospital for the disturbance there last Saturday. These surgeons have gained many friends in the
area and cannot be held accountable for the fact that many of the soldiers involved were on parole
and under lax discipline, the Spirit claims. The surgeons have attempted to prevent people
from selling the soldiers "tanglefoot" (liquor) but have not been successful.
Interacting with the Soldiers
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 17, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"Brave Soldiers."
Reports that an older man of Chambersburg was accosted on a bridge in
Wolffstown
by four soldiers, one of whom insulted him and another struck him "a blow upon the jaw." After
a short fight, the soldiers left.
Valley Spirit, May 18, 1861, p. 2, c. 1: "Getting Used to
it."
Reports that townspeople are getting used to the presence of the soldiers. They also are
less fearful of an attack from the South. The Spirit "would not be much surprised to hear
of our
young ladies and gentlemen getting up a picnic to Harper's Ferry some pleasant day just for the
novelty of the thing."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 31, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"Disgraceful."
Recounts the story of a soldier who masqueraded as an officer to force his
way into
the house of a local resident, where he passed through without doing any damage. The editor
admonishes disorderly soldiers like this one who, he says, take advantage of their position to
disturb the local citizens who have given them nothing but kind treatment.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, June 4, 1861, p. 3, c. 2:
"A Disgraceful and Bloody Affray."
Recounts a shoot-out between a local mulatto, Frank
Jones, and several soldiers at
Jones's home in Wolffstown. Jones escaped a mob of townspeople who began to pursue him after
he had shot two of the soldiers, but then the attorney who had given him refuge released him to
the crowd, who shot him repeatedly, even after he had died.
Valley Spirit, June 5, 1861, p. 2, c. 2: "Horrible
Occurrence."
On Saturday afternoon, a number of soldiers from various companies went to
Wolfstown, the "disreputable quarter" of Chambersburg. For some unknown reason, they
attacked the house of a black man named Frank Jones. Jones wounded two of the soldiers and
managed to escape. Jones hid in the home of George Eyster, where he was arrested by another
band of soldiers. However, the initial band then seized Jones and shot him five times while
beating him over the head. A large crowd then called for him to be burned or quartered.
Valley Spirit, April 29, 1863, p. 3, c. 1:
"Riots and Assaults."
The editors cite a number of altercations between Chambersburg
residents and members of the Provost Guard, and they call on the commanders of the Guard to
prevent any further incidents.
Franklin Repository, August 5, 1863, p. 6, c. 2:
"Another Outrage Committed by a Drunken Soldier."
Reports that a soldier stabbed George
Bell, an old and crippled black resident of Carrstown, without any provocation or warning. The
soldier was confined in jail.
Franklin Repository, October 21, 1863, p. 1, c. 5:
"Sad Affair."
Describes an altercation in Hamilton involving Michael Coble, Henry Riley,
Richard Ridgley, and John Row, and two soldiers. Coble and Riley served as election officers. In
the confrontation, Coble was shot.
Valley Spirit, February 3, 1864, p. 5, c. 1:
"A Row."
A fight among members of the troops stationed in town took place in front of the
Post Office last Friday.
Valley Spirit, February 10, 1864, p. 5, c. 1:
"Town Morality."
The editors complain that, with the return of soldiers to town,
Chambersburg has
taken on a warlike appearance. The town has suffered from far too much drinking and "rioting."
They call for a series of lectures by clergy to combat the problem.
Valley Spirit, November 2, 1864, p. 2, c. 6:
"A Citizen Murdered."
Reports that Jacob Sweitzer, "a highly respectable citizen," was
murdered last Wednesday night. The article indicates that a group of cavalrymen are to
blame.
Invasions of Franklin
Valley Spirit, October 15, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"The Rebel Raid."
A short article reporting the Confederate raid into Mercersburg last
Friday, the
surrender of the town, and the burning of several buildings by the Confederates. The editors claim
to be too busy getting the paper out to give an extended account of the raid.
Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 4, c. 2:
"The Harrisburg Telegraph."
The editors rebut attacks by the Harrisburg
Telegraph that they intentionally downplayed the Confederate raid into Franklin County
for partisan purposes.
Valley Spirit, October 22, 1862, p. 5, c. 4:
"' A great deal has been said . . . '"
The editors attack an article in the Philadelphia
Inquirer that alleged that the residents of Chambersburg were too afraid to fight the
enemy, despite a store of armaments in town. The editors say it would have been madness to fight
and wonder where the Inquirer got its information.
Valley Spirit, November 5, 1862, p. 1, c. 3:
"The Invasion of Pennsylvania."
A reprint of correspondence between Robert E. Lee and
J.E.B. Stuart from
mid-October, 1862 concerning Stuart's cavalry raids into Pennsylvania, including the action in
Greencastle, Mercersburg and Chambersburg.
Franklin Repository, July 8, 1863, p. 1, c. 1:
"Invasion of Pennsylvania!"
The Repository provides a detailed account of the Confederate
invasion and occupation of Chambersburg, which began on June 17. It reports that Jenkins
prevented much damage, but "robbed" stores (paying with "bogus money"--Confederate scrip) of
most goods. His men took whatever arms and horses were found in the town as contraband of
war. Many horses and most of the black population had escaped to the mountains.
Franklin Repository, July 8, 1863, p. 5, c.1
"The Invasion!"
Provides a lengthy report of the rebel army's invasion of Chambersburg,
before (starting on June 22) and after (the evening of July 3) the battle at Gettysburg.
Valley Spirit, July 8, 1863, p. 3, c. 1:
"Hung Himself."
Absalom Shetter, a farmer residing half a mile east of Chambersburg, hung
himself in his orchard early on Sunday morning. The Confederates had made off with his stock
and grain, and he had gone insane as a result. An inquest was conducted by Esquire Hamman,
who returned a verdict of death by hanging.
Valley Spirit, July 8, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Rebel Invasion."
A detailed description of the Confederate occupations of
Chambersburg, including the losses sustained by the citizens of Chambersburg.
Franklin Repository, July 15, 1863, p. 1, c.1
"The Invasion."
The editors reprint orders from Gen. Lee regarding the proper conduct
required of his soldiers and the proper treatment of civilians. The article includes a list of
prosecuted soldiers and numerous reports of abuses committed by the soldiers--including the
burning of Thaddeus Stevens's Iron Works and the murder of Mr. Strite.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 3, c. 2:
"Dirt and Filth."
The editors report that the streets of the town need a good cleaning after
their occupation by the Confederates.
Valley Spirit, July 15, 1863, p. 3, c. 1:
"The Situation."
The editors report on the movement of troops, both Confederate and Union,
through Franklin County in the aftermath of Gettysburg. Several cavalry engagements took place
in the vicinity of Funkstown and Boonsboro. Union commanders are now stationed in
Chambersburg.
Franklin Repository, July 15, 1863, p. 8, c. 1:
"Our National Anniversary."
On Saturday the 10th, Chambersburg celebrated the 4th of July
which had been delayed due to the occupation.
Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 8, c. 1:
" Border Defence."
Notes that although the rebel forces have retreated, Chambersburg could
be subject to cavalry raids. Consequently, the editors urge the organization of three to five
cavalry companies to protect the county and borders.
Franklin Repository, October 14, 1863, p. 1, c. 1:
"Lee's Invasion."
Summarizes Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, including the occupation of
Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, February 3, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Public Lecture."
Rev. John A. Warner of Gettysburg will give a lecture in Chambersburg on
the battle of Gettysburg, to benefit the Ladies' Aid Society. Warner was an eyewitness to the
battle, and he should command a full house.
Franklin Repository, February 17, 1864, p. 6, c. 4:
"A Thanksgiving Memorial."
A memorial church in Chambersburg would serve as a
"thank-offering to God for our safety after repeated invasions and a protracted occupancy by
armed enemies," and as "a monumental evidence of the efficacy of prayer." The erection of a
church would also "give immediate success to a missionary effort already begun in that important
town."
Franklin Repository, March 30, 1864, p. 5, c. 1:
"Gossip with Our Friends."
Fascinating local social commentaries, ranging from the
recounting of a chat with "Aunty Diluvian" about Sunday Schools, to how filthy Chambersburg is
to how ladies ought not travel alone on the railways "at present." The column also features a
story of how a black clergyman successfully evaded the rebels during the invasion the previous
summer and high praise for Captain Palmer of the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry, who, as a
Lieutenant, had proved himself a hero during the invasion of Chambersburg.
Franklin Repository, July 13, 1864, p. 5, c. 1:
"Gossip with Our Friends."
The Repository describes Chambersburg's preparations for rebel
invasion.
Franklin Repository, July 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 5:
"'It Seems Rather A Pity . . .'"
The Repository excerpts an article in the New York Tribune
that charges Chambersburg with inhospitality to the New York troops last summer. The
Repository responds "it is time for the wholesale slanders of cowardly shoulder-hitters and
wharf-rats, who straggled and plundered habitually, to find some meaner channel for endorsement
and publicity."
Franklin Repository, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c. 1:
"Gen. Earley's Mission."
Discusses General Early's mission near the Potomac. Because
Early's forces made very little progress other than
burning down a town, the Repository argues that his true purpose was to keep both Pennsylvania
and Maryland
"distracted and alarmed" and thus frighten the people into voting for the peace ticket.
Franklin Repository, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c. 4:
"About the Rebel Raid."
Reports that the rebels robbed almost every house in
Chambersburg. Officers and soldiers seemed to compete with each other in thieving. The
Repository denies the claim of Smith, the man who burned A. K. McClure's home, that Mrs.
McClure gave him the silverware for helping her save her clothing.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 1, c.1:
"Burning of Chambersburg."
Narrates the events surrounding the burning of Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 1, c. 6:
"A Citizen To The New York Herald."
Prints letter written by a Chambersburg resident to
the New York Herald that counters that newspaper's "scurrilous" comments about the town's
present suffering.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c.1:
"To Our Patrons."
Asks anyone who owes money to the Valley Spirit to pay up soon since
the reestablishment of the newspaper offices has been costly.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c.1:
"'We have no doubt . . .'"
Explains how the Valley Spirit was able to overcome its losses in
the fire and get back into production only four weeks after the burning.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 2, c.1:
"'We learn that several citizens . . .'"
Denies a report in the Harrisburg Telegraph that stated
that residents of Chambersburg were going "insane" after the fire.
Valley Spirit, August 31, 1864, p. 3, c. 3:
"Going Ahead."
Reports on the work already done by various citizens to rebuild after the
fire. Notes in particular the work of E. D. Reid, Jacob S. Brown, Jacob Sellers, and Mrs. John
Schofield.
Valley Spirit, September 14, 1864, p. 3, c.1:
"An Interesting Incident."
Tells about an encounter between a Confederate soldier and
Chambersburg citizens seeking refuge from the fire.
Franklin Repository, November 16, 1864, p. 3, c. 1:
"Rebel Movements."
Describes Chambersburg's panic at the rumor of a rebel company, led
by Major Gilmore, crossing the Potomac at Shepperdstown on November 12. The Repository
argues that the organization of a company to protect the area would increase feelings of
safety.
Valley Spirit, November 23, 1864, p. 3, c. 1:
"Winter."
Suggest that the winter weather will exacerbate the hard times already experienced
by many families after the Chambersburg fire.
Valley Spirit, December 28, 1864, p. 3, c. 1:
"Houses and Rents."
Condemns those men who are charging high rents in view of the
scarcity of housing following the burning of Chambersburg.
Local Government
Valley Spirit, October 30, 1861, p. 5, c. 1: "Police."
Reports that the night police appointed to patrol Chambersburg have done a good job enforcing
laws and maintaining the peace.
Valley Spirit, February 5, 1862, p. 4, c. 6: "The 'Poor
House.'"
The editors visited the Poor House last week, dined with Directors Latshaw, Harris,
and Spencer, and met Steward James Chariton, Esq. They reported that conditions there were
excellent.
Valley Spirit, February 12, 1862, p. 5, c. 1: "The Poor."
Argues that the county lacks the organization to take care of the destitute people who have lost
jobs because of the war but are unable to enlist for military service.
Valley Spirit, January 28, 1863, p. 3, c. 3:
"Fire and "Family Jars.'"
A small stable belonging to Nicolas Uglo burned on Tuesday
evening. Several fire companies responded to the call, but when they tried to take water from a
nearby cistern, a local German family protested and a fight ensued between the fireman and the
family.
Valley Spirit, March 11, 1863, p. 2, c. 6:
"A Word To The Council."
The editors argue that Franklin Street, from Market Street to the
Cemetery, should be macadamized. It is in worse condition than almost any other road in town,
and many roads that are less traveled are kept in better condition. Since there are so many funerals
these days, the community will not object to paying a little more tax to get the job done.
Valley Spirit, May 13, 1863, p. 3, c. 2:
"New Buildings."
The editors note the progress of the town over the past ten years, as
evidenced by the number of new buildings around Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, February 10, 1864, p. 5, c. 1:
"'Where is the Borough of Chambersburg?'"
The editors wonder why the town council has
done nothing to clean or maintain the
roads in town, which they claim are filthy and muddy. They ask for a sum to be appropriated to
clean the streets to make them more presentable and to avoid disease.
Valley Spirit, February 10, 1864, p. 5, c. 3:
"'At a meeting of the citizens . . .'"
At a meeting at Plough's School on Wednesday, February
3, a group of Green
Township citizens wrote to the township authorities to inform them that they are responsible for
the education of "the colored families of Africa, located at the southern end of the
township."
Valley Spirit, March 23, 1864, p. 5, c. 3:
"Borough Extension."
Applauds the sale of house lots on Second Street and explains that the
growing demand for housing in town is coming from new immigrants.
Valley Spirit, April 13, 1864, p. 8, c. 2:
"Thanks."
Expresses gratitude to the Borough Council for making sure mud and filth have
been removed from the streets. The Spirit urges the current council members to run for
reelection.
Valley Spirit, April 20, 1864, p. 4, c. 3:
"Personal Security."
Accuses the public officers of Chambersburg of exercising favoritism
toward anyone who commits a crime but is a Republican.
Valley Spirit, April 27, 1864, p. 4, c.1:
"The Administration of Justice."
Amid speculation that local judges are not administering
justice even-handedly, the author suggests that readers should not expect protection from the law
unless they share a judge's political beliefs.
Valley Spirit, April 27, 1864, p. 4, c. 4:
"Communicated."
Author condemns recent court decisions that reveal partiality on the
judges' part.
Valley Spirit, May 4, 1864, p. 4, c. 3:
"The Judiciary."
Explains that the Valley Spirit's expressed concern about the impartiality of
judges was not meant to be an attack on the judiciary, as the Franklin Repository suggested.
Loyalty and Opposition
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, May 24, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"'The Baltimore correspondent . . .'"
Reports the arrest of J. Thomas Mason, former
collector at the port of Baltimore, at
Chambersburg for being a Confederate spy. Comments that sympathizers with Mason dismiss the
idea that he went to Chambersburg to purchase three African-American children, but the Times
correspondent believes that "a more incorrigible rebel against the United States is not to be found
in all Cottondom."
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, August 13, 1861, p. 3, c. 1:
"Forced to Leave."
Reports the departure of Mr. Jno. W. Shinefield and his family from
Ravenswood in Jackson County, Virginia, where they had lived for the past five years, and their
arrival in Chambersburg. The Shinefields left Virginia because of their Union sentiments and
because Governor Wise's forces were approaching the town. The Dispatch criticizes the eight
tavern owners in Harrisburg who refused the Shinefields hospitality.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 13, 1861, p. 2, c. 3:
"Audacity."
Complains that the "sympathies" the Valley Spirit exhibits toward the
Secessionists should have led to its suppression long ago.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, September 24, 1861, p. 2, c. 1:
"The "Day Book" Democracy."
Answers the displeasure the Times has apparently expressed
about being labeled a "Day Book" Democratic paper by the Dispatch. Points out that there are
many Democrats--generally those who harbor sentiments similar to those of Stephen
Douglas--who are as loyal to the Union as any Republican, but that the Times supports candidates
whose loyalty is questionable at best. Therefore, the Times deserves the label of "Day Book
Democrat."
Valley Spirit, May 7, 1862, p. 1, c. 2:
"Union League--Hosea Carpenter--The Patriot and Union."
An article detailing the activities
of one Hosea Carpenter, a former "Know Nothing," who has allegedly started a secret Republican
political organization known as the Loyal Union League. He has been disavowed by Republican
papers, but many of his members include leading Republicans from Luzerne County.
Valley Spirit, May 7, 1862, p. 4, c. 2:
"Secret 'Loyal League.'"
Attacks the reported organization of secret Union Leagues as the
last desperate
attempt of Republicans to save their sinking political fortunes. Secret societies are at odds with
the country's free institutions, the editors argue, and the people will repudiate the actions of these
political schemers in October.
Valley Spirit, June 11, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"The Reign of Terror."
A number of Union cavalrymen, under the command of Horner,
supposedly chopped
down a flagpole bearing a union flag in Waynesboro two weeks ago. These same troopers
assaulted the owner of the flagpole, Michael Hanstine. The editors call for these men to be
drummed out of the army.
Valley Spirit, June 18, 1862, p. 4, c. 1:
"A Snake-bit Editor."
Attacks the Waynesboro Village Record for its description of
Democrats as "snakes" and Southern sympathizers.
Valley Spirit, June 25, 1862, p. 4, c.1:
"Mobocracy."
Alludes to threats made against prominent merchants in Franklin County due
to their
political beliefs. The Spirit goes on to defend Democrats against accusations of disloyalty
but
maintains their right to disagree with the administration. The editors call upon the
Transcript to
condemn these actions and to the Republican party to inform the public in what spirit the party
intends to conduct the upcoming election.
Valley Spirit, June 25, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"An Extraordinary Letter."
The editors publish a letter allegedly from Daniel Dechert, a
former resident of Franklin County. The letter claims that Dechert, editor of the Hagerstown Mail,
of Hagerstown, Maryland, has supplied maps of Franklin County to the Confederates. The editors
claim they knew of Dechert's sympathies with the South but were taken aback by this display of
disloyalty.
Valley Spirit, July 2, 1862, p. 4, c. 4:
"A Short Reply."
While the editors claim that their policy is never to reply to anonymous
criticism, they
take issue with a letter printed in the Transcript, which accuses the Valley Spirit of
having to be forced to fly the Stars and Stripes at the moment of the rebellion. The editors deny
this allegation.
Valley Spirit, July 2, 1862, p. 4, c. 4:
"That's What's the Matter."
The flag on Mr. Hanstine's pole in Waynesboro which was cut
down read
"Democracy and the Union Now and Forever." The editors claim that it was bound to come
down, due to the fanaticism of Republican partisans.
Valley Spirit, August 20, 1862, p. 4, c. 2:
"Even-Handed Justice."
The proprietors and editors of the Harrisburg Patriot and Union (a
Democratic paper
often excerpted by the Valley Spirit) were arrested recently on order of the provost marshal of
Washington, and taken to Washington City under military guard and imprisoned. The Valley
Spirit and Times argues that this happened simply because they were Democrats. In
contrast, Republican papers are free to publish the most incendiary material that they choose
without any repercussions.
Valley Spirit, September 24, 1862, p. 5, c. 1:
"Arrival of Prisoners and Longstreet's Ammunition Train."
A week ago last Monday the
town was thrown into excitement by the arrival of a
train with fifty or sixty Confederate prisoners and a captured ammunition train, guarded by a
company of the 1st Maryland Cavalry. The train was captured that morning between Williamsport
and Hagerstown by cavalry from Harper's Ferry. Among the prisoners was Clegget Fitzhugh of
Franklin County, who had left Hughes' Furnace a few days before and gone over to Hagerstown
and the Confederate Army. People cried out for Fitzhugh's death, but he was safely hustled off to
jail and has since been taken to a fort in the east.
Valley Spirit, April 15, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"The Blood-thirsty Knight--A Tale of the Rebellion--Chapter the First."
The editors reprint a
portion of a letter from the Transcript's army correspondent, in which the writer assails local
"copperheads." The editors reveal that the writer's name is William Tell Barnitz, a resident of
Waynesboro who became known as a "blatant and slanderous abolitionist," and they hint that he
has a criminal background in his native state of Texas. They also accuse Barnitz of being one of
the first to flee town when the Confederate cavalry invaded, and the last to return, and they also
impugn his bravery in his subsequent military service.
Valley Spirit, May 27, 1863, p. 2, c. 2:
"'What a pity . . .'"
The editors note the article published in the Transcript that expressed the
hope that the returning soldiers would burn the Spirit.
Franklin Repository, July 8, 1863, p. 8, c. 2:
"Return of Mr. Helser and Son."
Announces the return of Solomon Helser and his son, who
were arrested and banished from Franklin County for disloyalty.
Franklin Repository, July 15, 1863, p. 8, c. 2:
"'Franklin County has contributed . . .'"
Reports that a dozen men from Franklin County
have entered the rebel army. Two of them paid the "penalty of death." James Allison of Stuart's
Cavalry was killed at Ball's cross-roads shortly before the battle of Chancellorsville. Hugh Logan,
also of Stuart's Cavalry, was killed in Hagerstown as he attempted to escape.
Franklin Repository, July 22, 1863, p. 4, c. 5:
"'Henry J. Stahle, of the Gettysburg Compiler, . . .'"
Announces Gen. Meade's arrest
of Henry J. Stahle, of the Gettysburg Compiler, for providing information to the Confederates.
The authors believe that Stahle should be punished if guilty or exonerated if innocent and not
subject to personal or political prejudice.
Franklin Repository, July 29, 1863, p. 4, c. 4:
"'Mr. Stahle, Editor of the Gettysburg Compiler, . . .'"
Reports the discharge of Mr.
Stahle after swearing an oath of allegiance to the Union. As noted by the previous issue of the
Repository, Stahle had been arrested for treason.
Franklin Repository, February 10, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Arrested."
George White, of Chambersburg, who allegedly put out the eye of Cyrus H.
Gordon, also of Chambersburg, was arrested in Steubenville, Ohio, and returned to
Chambersburg to answer the charge of mayhem. The Mayor could not hold him, but he was then
arrested on the charge of aiding and abetting the enemy during the rebel occupation.
Valley Spirit, February 17, 1864, p. 4, c. 1:
"'Loyalty' and Damages."
The editors note the introduction of a bill in the state legislature to
pay damages to
those who sustained losses during the Confederate raids. However, they add, a preamble added
that required citizens to offer proof of loyalty before they could be repaid is inappropriate and
insulting. None of the charges of disloyalty lodged against the citizens of Franklin County are
true, say the editors, and the names associated with these charges have only the most tenuous
connections to the county.
Valley Spirit, March 2, 1864, p. 4, c. 4:
"The Damage Bill."
Criticizes the Republican members of the Pennsylvania House of
Representatives for opposing a bill that would provide payment to residents of border counties
who have sustained damages during the war.
Valley Spirit, March 16, 1864, p. 4, c. 4:
"Killed."
Reports that a recent vote by Republican members of the Pennsylvania House to
send military damage legislation to the committee on foreign relations is tantamount to killing the
bill.
Valley Spirit, April 6, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Information Wanted."
Asks that any information on the whereabouts of Robert Eddins and
John B. Engleman, refugees from Port Republic and Staunton, Virginia, respectively, be sent to
W. H. H. Frenger in Chambersburg.
Valley Spirit, April 27, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Waynesboro Items."
Reports on various news items from Waynesboro, including an
accident involving Dr. Brotherton Sr. that has left him infirm, and the reunion of a Mr. and Mrs.
Grayson, both refugees from Virginia.
Valley Spirit, April 6, 1864, p. 4, c. 6:
"To the Editor of "The Valley Spirit.'"
Former resident of Chambersburg suggests that the
town is not doing enough to support the army.
Franklin Repository, May 25, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Rebel Spy Shot and Captured."
Mr. Latshaw, the enrolling officer for Franklin township in
Adams County, apprehended a "suspicious looking character on the road," and arrested him. In
the company of Mr. Slonaker, Latshaw started for Chambersburg to deliver the prisoner to Capt.
Eyster. When the prisoner attempted to escape, Latshaw shot him in the shoulder and the hip.
Thinking he was dying, the prisoner said his name was Lloyd, and confessed that he was a rebel
spy. Although presently in the Chambersburg Hospital and in the custody of Gen. Couch, Lloyd
will be sent to Fort Mifflin once he has recovered sufficiently.
Franklin Repository, June 29, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Union Refugees."
Twenty-two Union refugees from Virginia, all women and children, have
reached the vicinity of Greencastle, where Mr. Mickley has "hospitably entertained" them. They
are Mrs. Wesley Hensley, with seven children; Mrs. Robert Hensley, with five children; Mrs.
Matthew Lamb, with six children; and Mrs. Hiram Hensley. Their husbands had preceded them,
making up a party of men cutting timber in Adams County, but small pox had broken out among
the men. Some had died, included one of the husbands, and the rest had scattered, all of which
was news to the women.
Franklin Repository, June 29, 1864, p. 5, c. 2:
"Franklin County Rebel Killed."
Sheridan's official account of the battle on the 12th of June
reported that Col. McAllister was among the rebel dead, and it is thought that this must be
Thomas McAllister, formerly of St. Thomas, who had moved to Virginia and "turned up as a rebel
Colonel." While in Franklin County, he was chosen for the legislature in 1846 with Maj. John M.
Pomeroy, but was not returned. His brother, Col. Robert McAllister, of Juniata, "has commanded
a New Jersey regiment for two years past, and has twice been in battle when his rebel brother's
command was engaged against him."
Taxation, Confiscation, and Speculation
Valley Spirit, August 21, 1861, p. 8, c. 2: "High Taxes and
Low Wages."
Criticizes the new Republican taxes, which are disproportionately borne by
working people.
Valley Spirit, October 16, 1861, p. 4, c. 4: "Direct
Taxation."
Points out that the war has so disrupted foreign trade that the government will not
get as much money from the tariff as it had estimated. As a result, the nation will have to rely on
direct taxation.
Valley Spirit, January 8, 1862, p. 4, c. 2: "Great Rise Of
Goods."
Discusses the increase in price of thirty to fifty percent of cotton goods and
groceries and implies that dealers in tea, coffee and sugar are withholding their goods to wait for
further price increases.
Valley Spirit, February 26, 1862, p. 4, c. 3: "'No Compromise
With Traitors.'"
The editors wonder how those who decry any compromise with the South
will make up for lost federal tax revenues.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 7, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"The Tax Bill."
Provides a listing of the amount of taxation on specific goods according to
the tax bill presently before Congress.
Semi-Weekly Dispatch, March 25, 1862, p. 2, c. 1:
"War Taxation."
Denounces the Valley Spirit for criticizing the tax that has been established
to pay the war debt in the North. Points out that the Southerners who, according to the Spirit,
are responsible for the war consider themselves to be Democrats and argues that the amount of
taxation necessary will mean no hardship for a country as wealthy as the United States.
Valley Spirit, January 18, 1863, p. 3, c. 3:
"Counterfeiting."
The editors note the prevalence of counterfeit currency in circulation, due
to wartime conditions, and hope that steps will be taken to counter the issuance of "bogus"
money.
Franklin Repository, April 6, 1864, p. 8, c. 2:
"Income Tax."
Details the instructions on the collection of the National Income Tax,
including the reminder that citizens must visit the assessor, N. P. Pearse.
